National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

somewhat in excess of the true ones. This
easterly shift increases from about 1 minute
in the case of the Toghrak-chap base stations
to about 5′ 10″ in that of Peak 1/75 E
(13,170 ; D. 2), the easternmost of the trian-
gulated points. For the correct longitudes,
see Appendix A (Sheets 75 A, B, E, F).

The longitude adopted for Charklik
(88° 2′ 10″) is the mean between Dr. Hedin's
value and that shown by R.B. Lāl Singh's
plane-table work (88° 1′). The longitudes
adopted for Mirān and Abdal are derived
from traverses connected with triangulated
points at the debouchure of the Mirān river.
The routes leading to the Lou-lan Site and
Tikenlik are adjusted on the positions adopt-
ed for these places, and that along the
southern shore of Lop-nōr on the position
of Kum-kuduk (see Sheet No. 32). Besides
the latitude observations shown below, a
number of others along the Tārim river
were used from Dr. Hedin's work.

Descriptive accounts of the routes follow-
ed by me in 1906-07 and of the archæo-
logically important ground near Mirān are
given in Desert Cathay, i. pp. 343 sqq., 427
sqq., 438 sqq., 503 sqq. The historical
topography of the Lop territory, which during
the first centuries before and after Christ
included also 'Lou-lan', has been fully dis-
cussed in Serindia, i. pp. 318 sqq. ; for that of
the two small oases, Charkhlik and Mirān,
the only places of permanent occupation in
modern times, cf. ibid. pp. 310 sqq.,
326 sqq. ¹⁶

Both these small cultivated patches
occupy ground where the wide gravel 'Sai'
descending from the foot of the mountains
meets the southern edge of the belt of desert
vegetation which accompanies the Tārim
river and its tributary, the Charchan-daryā.
The junction of the two lies in the area
marked by the lakes and marshes south of
the fishing hamlet of Lop (A. 2). Apart
from these two zones, the sheet shows in the
north a dune-covered portion of the Lop
desert, and in the north-east the western
extremity of the great salt-encrusted bed of
the dried-up Lop sea.

Corrections. A.3. Koyumal, Bāsh-
koyumal should be printed red.

C.2. The latitude station symbol to be
shown against Donglik (C. 142 ; C. 2) and
to be removed from Mirān Fort (B. 2).

Astronomically observed latitudes.
1906-08 Donglik, Camp 142 (near spring ; C. 2) ... ... 39° 22′ 51″
1913-15 Charkhlik, Camp 20 (Bēg's house ; N. of Bāzār ; A. 2) ... 39° 1′ 35″
Toghrak-chap, Camp 22 (E. end of base, on E. bank of Nullah ;
B. 3) ... ... ... ... 38° 57′ 9″
Camp 24, S. of Mirān (on east bank of Mirān river ; B. 2) ... 39° 12′ 12″
Khunugu, Camp 27 (on east bank of river ; D. 2) ... ... 39° 10′ 22″
Mirān, Camp 63 (within hamlet ; B. 2) ... ... 39° 15′ 54″

NOTES ON SHEET No. 31 (PICHAN, CHIK-TAM)

The surveys represented in this sheet
lay partly along both slopes of the T'ien-shan
and partly in the westernmost portion of the
Turfān basin (Pichan) and the desert pla-
teaus to the east and south of it. With the
exception of the high-road from Hāmi to
Turfān followed in 1907, all the routes
surveyed belong to 1914-15.

For the work shown north of latitude
42° 30′, the positions adopted for Turfān,
Hāmi and Barkul served as base-points. In
adjusting the traverses between them, use
was made of the latitude observations shown
below. The satisfactory character of the
result is borne out by the close agreement
with values astronomically determined by
Dr. Vaillant in 1908 for two points on the
Turfān-Hāmi high-road. ¹⁷ The small portion