National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

initial points are not excessive, considering the nature of the work, and they are all in the same
direction; nevertheless they are sufficient to throw out Rām Singh's work which was based on
it on the Tāghdumbāsh; and since this area is now rigorously triangulated and surveyed on the
one-inch scale, Rām Singh's work is now superseded, and is not tabulated in the data here given.

(B)—IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF MUZ-TĀGH-ATĀ AND THE LITTLE
KARA-KUL, 1900-01 (RĀM SINGH)

(Vide charts 42s, x, and o).

Rām Singh's work in this region is independent of his triangulation on the Tāghdum-
bāsh, discussed above; but it is still dependent largely on Deasy's work.
The latter is based on observed latitudes and azimuths to Pk. 5/42s and Pk. 3/42o, of
the Pāmir Boundary Commission; these were proved to be accurately fixed within a very few
seconds by the subsequent Indo-Russian work. Small corrections of −4″·7 (latitude) and −3″·3
(longitude) have since been applied to the Boundary Commission work to bring it into the
terms of the Indo-Russian, but Deasy's observations are not sufficiently precise to warrant the
application of this small correction.
Rām Singh's work from camp 9, in this area, was based almost entirely on resection:
"A" was fixed from Pks. 14 and 21/42o, and Pk. 11/42x (Deasy).
"B" do. Pks. 1 and 14/42o (Deasy) and Pk. 3/42o (Boundary Commission).
"C" do. "A" h. s., "B" h. s. and Pk. 3/42s, which latter was fixed from
"A" and "B".
"D" do. "A", "B", and "C" h. s.
Camp 9 do. "C", "D" h. s. and Pk. 5/42x, which latter was fixed from
"C" and "D".
Checks were available at camp 9, and the latitude as derived above was 17 seconds
greater than the astronomical value. At the same camp, a longitude check was afforded by
an azimuth to the Pāmir Boundary Commission value of Muz-tāgh-atā. The longitude value
derived by the check was 35 seconds less than that found by the previous computations.
The heights of these stations were not very satisfactory; that of 'A' h. s. is derived
from the observations to Pk. 14/42x and Pk. 21/42o, the mean of the two values 15,155
and 15,011 feet being accepted, though it would perhaps have been better to give less weight
to the latter, as the peak is very distant. The height of 'B' h. s. was also derived from the
mean of two observations and that of 'C' and 'E' obtained from 'A' and 'B'.
The height of camp 9, near Little Kara-kul, was from the mean of those derived from
'C' h. s., 'D' h. s., 'D' Boundary Commission value of Muz-tāgh-atā, viz., 11,054, 11,014, and
11,041, which also agree very well, considering the nature of the work. The height, (25,146),
of Pk. 4/42x, (Kongur I), is derived from the mean of two observations from 'A' h. s. and
'D' h. s., differing by 135 feet.
In view of the above considerations, and owing to Deasy's work being well based in
this area, Rām Singh's triangulation is accurate for exploration work, and more so than on
the Tāghdum-bāsh; inter se the work is accordant, and the error in position is probably less
than half a mile from Survey of India terms.

(C)—TASH-MALIK, "E" H. S., 1900-01 (RĀM SINGH)

(Vide charts 42m and x).

This station was fixed by resection from Pks. 2 and 3/42x, previously observed by
Deasy from Kāshgar, and Pk. 4/42x, (Kongur I) of Rām Singh's earlier work. By the
latter observation alone, it is very weakly connected to his triangulation in the Little Kara-
kul area.
Deasy's fixings of Pks. 2 and 3/42x are not very good, being based on an observed
latitude and a chronometer longitude at Kāshgar. Only one of his chronometers was work-
ing fairly satisfactorily and from a comparison with Sir F. De Filippi's careful observations
for latitude and longitude at Kāshgar in 1914, it is probable that his position, though fairly