国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0081 |
On Ancient Central-Asian Tracks : vol.1 |
| 中央アジア踏査記 : vol.1 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
saw in its full greatness under the Emperor Kublai came to
an end through internal decay within a century of Kublai's
accession. The Chinese dynasty of the Ming which replaced
it was content with safeguarding the north-western borders
in Kansu against fresh Mongol inroads by a policy of strict
seclusion which stifled trade.
The use of the sea route to China, greatly developed by
the Arabs and becoming still more important after the first
Portuguese voyages to India, had deprived that ancient
Central-Asian highway of its former value for Western trade.
But towards the close of the seventeenth century the grow-
ing power of the Oirats or Dzungars, Mongolian tribes
established north of the T'ien-shan, forced a fresh advance
into innermost Asia upon China after it had passed under
the Manchu dynasty, then young and vigorous. But it was
not until 1755 that expeditions organized by the great
Manchu Emperor Ch'ien-lung finally brought the whole of
the Tarim basin as well as Dzungaria north of it under
direct Chinese administration. Once again, as under the
Han and T'ang, a policy purely defensive in its origin had
resulted in Chinese expansion over vast Central-Asian
regions right up to the Pamirs and the Altai Mountains.
Chinese control of these regions has continued to the
present day, in spite of the growing internal weakness of
the Empire and the great upheaval caused by the Tungan
or Chinese Muhammadan rebellion in the third quarter of
the last century. The explanation lies in the fact that for the
first time in history China's Central-Asian frontiers had
become contiguous with those of a great civilized power,
such as the Russian Empire was, capable of dominating
the border populations and gradually restraining nomadic
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45
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57
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68
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134
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145
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157
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168
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273
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284
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295
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306
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317
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327
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337
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352
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364
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377
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391
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406
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418
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431
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442
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453
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466
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477
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491
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502
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513
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525
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537
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550
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561
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571
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578
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