National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

Kubera, Hindu god of wealth, 227
Kublai, Emperor, 35, 250
Kucha, oasis, 11, 279, 287; remains at, 281-283; language spoken at, 282
Kuchean or Tokhari manuscripts, 215
Kulja, Russian occupation of, 36
Kumedh, 293
Kum-kuduk, well of, 162
Kum-tagh, 165
Kumtura, cave shrines of, 282
K'un-lun range, 2, 4, 6-9, 11, 24, 54, 72, 110, 174, 271, 272, 289; foothills of, 50; glaciers of, 51-53; difficulties in finding an old route across, 53
Kun-tigmaz, 290, 291
Kuruk-darya (the 'Dry River'), 14, 134, 150, 151, 154, 156, 158, 248, 275; explorations in the dried-up delta of, 147-149; date of the abandonment of the site, 149; riverine changes in the terminal branches, 166; mapping its course, 273
Kuruk-tagh ('Dry Mountains'), 9, 10, 137, 142, 151, 157, 165, 256, 260, 270; explorations and survey work in, 260, 271-277
Kushana or Indo-Scythian princes, 91, 93
Kustana, or Khotan, 92
Kuvera, see Vaisravana

Lacquer-ware fragments found, 100
Ladak, 6, 53
Lajirkh, 326
Lal Singh, Rai Bahadur, 156, 157, 245, 251, 260, 271-273, 280, 289
Langar pass, 301, 302, 308
Leather, embroidered, found, 100; armour made from, 114
Le Coq, Professor von, 260, 261, 263, 282, 285
Lhasa, 8
Liang-chou, 19
Liao Ta-lo-ye, magistrate, 130
Li Kuang-li, 22
Limes, its technical meaning, 178; system of the Roman Empire, 177; ancient Chinese border-wall, see Old Wall
Li-sieh, 67
Little Pamir Lake, 46
Lóczy, Professor de, 193
Lokapalas, in Buddhist paintings, 226-228; wooden statuette of, 279
Lop-liks, semi-nomadic herdsmen and fishermen, 109, 146
Lop-nor desert, 4, 109, 116, 129, 274; the dried-up salt-encrusted sea-bed, 8, 14, 15, 22, 109, 134, 275; the marshes,

6, 8, 109, 110, 130, 131, 134; Chinese trade route through, 25, 26, 140, 143; older forms of the local name, 115; the author's journey across, 131-136; wind erosion in, 133, 137, 142; tracking the ancient route across the dried-up Lop Sea, 145-162; traversing Marco Polo's route from the Lop-nor marshes to Tun-huang, 163-192; Marco Polo's description of the 'Desert of Lop', 164. See also Lou-lan; Shan-shan
Lorimer, Miss F., 218
Lou-lan, or Lop-nor, 14, 15, 20, 248, 271; ruins at and around, 14, 27, 110, 275; the journey from Charkhlik to, 129-136; excavations and discoveries at, 136-144; proof of the site of the station designated Lou-lan, 140; the Chinese trade route, 140, 143, 145, 276; the indigenous designation of the locality was Kroraina, 141; water carried to the site by the Kuruk-darya, 149-151; further explorations and discoveries, 159; finds at the ancient burial-grounds near, 151, 273
Lowarai pass, 41
Lun-fu, 281
Lu Ting-shih, 169

Macartney, Sir George, 48, 147, 286
Maës Titianus, 26, 292
Mahasthama, Bodhisattva, 233, 236
Mahayana Buddhism, 233; pictorial art of, 219
Malakand pass, 40
Manchu dynasty, 35
Manichaean texts, from the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas, 214
Manichaeans, Turkish version of the confession prayer of, 216
Manichaeism, 33, 214, 259
Manjusri, represented in Buddhist painting, 225, 230, 234, 236
Manuscripts, see Brahmi; Chinese; Kharoshthi; Khotanese; Kuchean; Manichaean; Runic Turkish; Sanskrit; Sogdian; Syriac; Turkish; Uigar
Mao-mei, oasis, 245, 247, 250-252
Marakanda, 330
Maral-bashi, 284; ruins near, 285
Marco Polo, see Polo, Marco
Marghilan, 294
Marinus of Tyre, 26, 127, 292, 295
Marjanai pass, 298
Markan-su, 290
Maspero, Professor, 267
Mastuj, 42
Mastuj, river, 43

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