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| 0492 |
Sand-Buried Ruins of Khotan : vol.1 |
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of mud-built houses were too much decayed to permit of excavation
or to offer clear indications as to their date. Yet such chrono-
logical evidence was needed before the identification of this site
with Hiuen-Tsiang's Pi-mo, suggested as it was by every topo-
graphical consideration, could be definitely accepted. Pi-mo was
undoubtedly, as already recognised by Sir Henry Yule, the same
place as 'Pein,' which Marco Polo visited on his journey east of
Khotan, and must thus have remained inhabited up to the close
of the thirteenth century. The appearance of the bits of pottery,
glass, china, small objects of brass and stone, &c., which turned up
among the plentiful débris of Uzun-tati, entirely favoured this
assumption. But it was only when myself picking up a Chinese
copper piece of the Southern Sung dynasty (A.D. 1127–1278), that
I secured conclusive proof that the site had been occupied up to
the Middle Ages.
Our guides had previously spoken of a second 'Kone-shahr'
which, from some supposed tombs of saints, they called Ulugh-
Ziarat ("the shrine of the holy ones"). Though these remains
were known to them as adjoining Uzun-tati, and in the end proved
to be only about three miles distant in a direct line to the south-east
it took us nearly two days and very tiring marches and counter-
marches in the sand, over an aggregate distance of some twenty-five
miles, before this second site was discovered. Less extensive than
Uzun-tati, it displayed débris manifestly of the same period. In
addition I found not far from it the comparatively well-preserved
remains of a small fort, built in the form of an oval of about 480 by
348 feet. The wall of stamped clay was some 11 feet thick at the
base and, including the parapet, rose originally to a height of about
14½ feet. No remains of any kind were found in the interior of
this circumvallation, or around it, and consequently I was unable
to form any definite opinion as to its date.
These days in the desert had convincingly demonstrated the
serious difficulties which must always attend a search for scanty
ruins hidden away among deceptive sand dunes if made without
adequate guidance. The rapidly increasing heat and glare—on the
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