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| 0320 |
Sand-Buried Ruins of Khotan : vol.1 |
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About two miles from the village I crossed by a bridge the fairly
deep stream formed by the united waters of the Yars of Yotkan and
Kashe, and on the other bank of the ravine reached the lands of
Halalbagh, a collection of large hamlets which I was anxious
to see once more, as a local tradition connects the site with the
pre-Muhammadan rulers of the country. Close to the central
hamlet there stretches a marsh, known as Aiding-kul, covering
about a square mile. It is overgrown with reeds and fed by copious
springs which form quite a little stream at the northern end where
the marsh drains towards the Yurung-kash.
Islam Beg secured me here a very intelligent guide in the person
of Ibrahim Mullah, a man well known for his learning and piety.
Though eighty-six years old at the time of my visit, he was still
quite active. His comfortable embonpoint and his showy silk dress
well-lined with fur showed plainly that, despite Koran and
pilgrimages, he had not neglected the good things of this world.
Ibrahim Mullah owns Turki 'Taskiras' of the various Imams who
are worshipped at the most popular of Khotan Mazars, and soon
showed me in them chapter and verse for his assertion that it was
at Halalbagh that there once stood the city of the 'Khalkhal-i
Chin-u-Machin,' the legendary heathen ruler of Khotan. According
to the popular tradition recorded in these texts, the four Imams
whose blessed bodies now rest in a famous Mazar at Hasha, killed
this opponent of Islam, and his city became a waste. The shrine
of Kum-i-Shahidan, about half a mile to the west of the marsh, is
supposed to mark the spot where three hundred and sixty faithful
followers of the Imams found martyrdom in the final struggle.
According to Ibrahim Mullah, Mirza Abu-Bakr, the ruler of
Kashgar and Khotan in the early part of the sixteenth century,
had the old site excavated for the sake of its hidden treasures.
He brought river-water to the place to enable his workmen to wash
the soil,—just as is now done at Yotkan,—and in the hollow left
by his diggings there formed the marsh of Halalbagh. No old
remains of any kind are now found, and it is thus difficult to judge
whether there is any historical foundation for the story. Mirza
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