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| 0375 |
Sand-Buried Ruins of Khotan : vol.1 |
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the attendants of the shrines, as well as the pilgrims, would
necessarily make upon them for whatever in the way of wood and
other useful materials had remained in them.
However this may be, it must be considered as certain that the
abandonment of the settlement was a gradual one, and in no way
connected with any sudden physical catastrophe such as some
European travellers have been only too ready to assume, on account
of popular legends they had heard about the so-called "ancient
cities" of the Taklamakan. The Sodom and Gomorrah legends
related all over Eastern Turkestan about "old towns" suddenly
submerged under the sand-dunes, are more ancient than the ruins
of Dandan-Uiliq themselves. Hinen-Tsiang had already heard
them more or less in the same form in which they are now current,
as is seen from the story of the town of 'Ho-lo-lo-kia,' which we shall
have occasion to refer to in connection with the site of Pi-mo.
These legends undoubtedly are interesting as folk-lore. But where
we have such plain archæological evidence to the contrary as the
examination of the Dandan-Uiliq ruins, and in fact of every other
ancient site in this region has supplied to me, scientific inquiry
need have no concern with them.
My detailed survey of Dandan-Uiliq, together with other observa-
tions of a semi-topographical, semi-antiquarian nature which
gradually accumulated during my explorations at this and other
sites, make it very probable that the lands of Dandan-Uiliq were
irrigated from an extension of the canals which, down to a much
later date, brought the water of the streams of Chira, Domoko and
Gulakhma to the desert area due south of the ruins. The débris-
covered site of Uzun-Tati, which I discovered there amidst the
sand-dunes, is identical with the 'Pi-mo' of Hinen-Tsiang, Marco
Polo's 'Pein,' and can be proved by unquestionable evidence to
have been occupied for at least five centuries longer than Dandan-
Uiliq. A number of historical as well as topographical considera-
tions, for a detailed discussion of which I must refer to my
scientific publication, point to the conclusion that the successive
abandonment of both Dandan-Uiliq and 'Pi-mo' was due to the
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