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| 0452 |
Sand-Buried Ruins of Khotan : vol.1 |
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elaborate documents are dated ('Maharaja,' 'devaputra,' i.e.,
"son of the gods," &c.), are purely Indian. They agree strikingly
with the official nomenclature observed under the Kushana or Indo-
Scythian princes who ruled the extreme North-West of India and
Afghanistan during the first centuries of our era. The majority of
the persons to or by whom documents are despatched bear purely
Indian names, among them appearing a Kushana-sena, as if to
emphasise some connection with Indo-Scythian dominion far away
to the South-West.
In strange contrast to the names, some of the titles borne by
these officials are distinctly non-Indian (Chodbo, Shodhoga, Kala,
&c.). But we meet also with official designations familiar from
ancient Indian usage ('rajadvara-purasthita,' "president of the
royal court of justice;" 'dibira,' "clerk," &c.). Letter-carriers,
'lekhaharaka,' are frequently referred to by their Sanskrit designa-
tion. The often recurring introductory formulas, with their stereo-
typed greetings, honorific addresses ('priyadarshana;' 'deva-
manushya-sampujita,' 'priyadeva-manushya,' "dear to gods and
men," &c.), and polite inquiries after the health and spiritual welfare
of the addressees, possess a distinct flavour of that quaint phraseology
to which the Sanskrit correspondence of my Kashmirian Pandit
friends has accustomed me. But in other documents we find a
style far less ornate, in fact quite peremptory, as, e.g., in some office
"memos" ordering the submission of affidavits ('savatha')
according to a specified list; the production of certain witnesses;
arrests of individuals, &c.
The particular interest attaching to some petty records is
well illustrated by an oblong tablet, dated in the ninth year of King
Jitroghavarshman, which relates a transaction by a certain
Buddhagosha, slave of the Sramana or Buddhist monk Anandasena,
concerning some household goods, pawned perhaps or taken over
on mortgage. The articles are enumerated in detail and their value
indicated in a currency that we may yet succeed in determining.
It is curious to find that this list, besides sheep, vessels, wool-
weaving appliances and some other implements, enumerates also
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563
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