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『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0050 |
Ancient Khotan : vol.1 |
| 古代コータン : vol.1 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
For such passing observations as my hurried marches along the difficult tracks of Hunza allowed
me to gather, I must refer to the pages of my Personal Narrative⁶. But in respect of the only
monument of antiquity which I was able to trace along the route, where it winds round the foot of
the great Mount Rakiposhi (Fig. 3), the brief description there given requires to be supplemented
by some more exact details. Close to the hamlet of Thōl, on the first of the highly cultivated
little plateaus which are passed in succession on the left river bank above the historic gorge of Nilth,
there stands a ruined Stūpa, shown with its west face in the accompanying photograph (Fig. 4).
Considering its exposed position, the relatively good preservation of this monument of Buddhist
worship is remarkable. The only serious damage it has sustained is of very recent date, being
a characteristic result of the 'advance of modern civilization': the masonry of the base on its
southern face has been removed to save a détour of a few feet to the hill road constructed since
the occupation of Hunza territory at the close of the campaign of 1891.
The Stūpa is constructed of unhewn slabs, more or less flat, set in rough horizontal layers
with a fairly hard plaster. The surface of the rough masonry originally bore a coating of similar
plaster, patches of this material being found still adhering to the north face of the upper courses
of the base and to the more sheltered mouldings. The lowest story of the base forms a square
of 10 ft.; and has a height of 3 ft. 9 in. from the present ground level. On the top of this
base, but receding by about 1 ft. from its edge, rests a second story, which is also square, and
with its projecting cornice, about 14 in. high, rises to the same height of 3 ft. 9 in. The next
story is octagonal and, including its cornice, 3 ft. 10 in. high. It supports a circular drum,
about 1½ ft. in height, also surmounted by a cornice. From the latter finally springs the
dome of the Stūpa proper. This, in its original shape, appears to have been hemispherical,
but its top has been broken, and the extant masonry reaches only a height of about 3½ ft. from
the sloping plinth of the drum. Judging from what subsequent experience showed me in the
case of Stūpa ruins examined in the Turkestān plains, it may be supposed that treasure-seeking
operations for the relic deposit likely to be contained in the centre of the little dome were the
main cause of this injury. The total height of the structure, allowing for this loss, cannot have
been less than 18 ft. and probably approached 20 ft.
This relatively great elevation, in proportion to the dimensions of the square base, strikingly
distinguishes the Thōl Stūpa from the Stūpas examined by me in Chinese Turkestān. Those
among the latter which were found sufficiently well-preserved to permit exact measurements,
like the Stūpas of Maurī-Tim, the Niya Site, Endere and Rawak, in their original state showed
a total elevation approximately equal to the side of their square base where it rested on the
ground, i.e. to the greatest dimensions of the ground-plan. Striking differences are to be found
also in the introduction of an octagonal above the square stories of the base, and in the boldly
projecting and massive cornices by which these several stories and the circular drum beneath
the dome are surmounted. For neither of these distinguishing features am I able to adduce
exact parallels from Stūpa ruins with which I am acquainted in the North-West of India and
the adjoining frontier regions. But there appears in them something curiously recalling the
style and general character of the Chortens of Sikkim and Ladāk, and suggestive of Tibetan
influence.
The small alluvial plateaus fringing at intervals the deep-cut bed of the Hunza river between
Nilth and Baltit are the only portion of the valley where a track fit for regular use by laden
animals could be maintained without recourse to modern methods of engineering. Above the
village of Baltit, probably from early times the seat of Hunza chiefs⁷, the route towards the
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705
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715
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724
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