Ancient Khotan : vol.1 / 91 ページ（白黒高解像度画像）

0091	Ancient Khotan : vol.1
古代コータン : vol.1

0091

Ancient Khotan : vol.1

古代コータン : vol.1

who has rightly pointed out how far removed from Kāshgar are the known seats
of the Khaśas ²¹.
The name Khaśa has been used in Sanskrit literature for the designation of hill-tribes Supposed
settled in widely different parts of the Himālaya regions, and is often applied very vaguely. connexion
But fortunately the territorial limits are well defined for those Khaśas of the extreme north- with Khaśa.
west of India, who in Sanskrit writings of quasi-geographical character are ordinarily associated
with the Dards (Darad, Dārada), and who alone could possibly be thought of in connexion
with Kāshgar. By a detailed analysis of the numerous passages in Kalhaṇa's Sanskrit Chronicle
of Kashmir, which mention these Khaśas, I have proved that they occupied the valleys encircling
Kashmīr on the south and west. By their settlements in the latter direction, on the Jehlam
and Kiśangaṅgā rivers, they were thus the immediate neighbours of the Dards holding the
valleys draining into the Indus ²².
In view of what we now know of the mighty mountain ranges, and the equally great
barriers of distance which separate Kāshgar from any known seats of Khaśas, a reference to
Burnouf's conjecture would scarcely have been needed had it not been recently revived, though
on a different ground, by so distinguished an Indologist as Professor Pischel. In his notes
discussing the alleged origin of the Kharoṣṭhī script from Kāshgar, he suggests that the Khāsya
or Khāsya writing, which is mentioned in a formal list of scripts given in the Lalitavistara,
must mean the writing of K'ia-sha (Ch'ia-sha) or Kāshgar ²³.
It is true that the Khāsyalipi figures in the list between the Daradalipi and Cīnalipi,
i. e. the writings of the Dards and Chinese. But even if we credit the author of that Buddhist
mythological poem with the intention or ability of following any strict geographical order in
his enumeration of scripts (which comprises also numbers of purely apocryphal names), it appears
far more probable that he intended a reference to the Khaśas, whose name appears widely spread
along the whole Himālaya range, from the Dards in the extreme north-west to Assam, than to
Kāshgar, a small and distant Central-Asian state altogether beyond the geographical horizon
of ancient India ²⁴. In this connexion it is well to remember that we have no evidence
whatever of the local name corresponding to the present Kāshgar having been applied in
ancient times in a more extended sense to Eastern Turkestān generally. The term 'Kash-
garia', used in this sense, seems to be of modern Russian origin, probably due to Yāqūb Beg's
short-lived domination, and has no equivalent in indigenous use.

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