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| 0106 |
Ancient Khotan : vol.1 |
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aussi³ lui compriment la tête pour qu'elle prenne une forme aplanie. Ces gens se tatouent le
corps; ils ont l'iris des yeux verdâtre. Le roi a pour nom de famille P'ei; il se surnomme
lui-même A-mo-tche; il réside dans la ville de Kia-che; les Tou-kiue lui ont donné en mariage
une de leurs filles. Il a deux mille soldats d'élite. (Ce pays) a coutume de sacrifier au dieu
céleste.'
Titles of
royal family. The description here given of the country of Kāshgar and its people is substantially the
same as that found in Hsüan-tsang's Hsi-yü-chi, of which it is a manifest abstract. The name
of the ruling family (P'ei 裴), which the concluding portion of the notice records, is actually
found in the Imperial decree reproduced by M. Chavannes, which in 728 A.D. conferred the
royal title on An-chih, chief of Su-lê⁴. It was borne also by the dignitary P'ei
Kuo-liang, who in 753 A.D. came to pay homage at the Imperial court⁵. The title A-mo-chih
阿摩支 is similarly attested by the royal decree already referred to, and was undoubtedly
shared by the rulers of Khotan during the eighth century. We find it not only in a record
of the encyclopaedia Ts'ê fu yüan kuei relating to the investiture of Wei-ch'ih Fu-chih 'qui
avait les titres de A-mo-tche de Yu-t'ien⁶, as king of Khotan in 728 A.D.⁶ but also in an
official Chinese document dating from the year 768 A.D., which was excavated at Dandān-Uiliq,
and which will be discussed below⁷.
The name of the capital Kia-che (Chia-shih, 迦 琵), which I am unable to trace elsewhere,
is, notwithstanding its different spelling, manifestly connected with the name Kāshgar (Ch'ia-sha).
The king to whom the Turks are said to have given a princess in marriage, and whose name
is not specified, may be supposed to have been the prince actually reigning at the time of the
Chinese annexation. The estimate of the number of his armed force is the same as that
recorded in the Han notice on Su-lê, while in the mention of the worship of the 'god of
heaven' we must, according to M. Chavannes, recognize a reference to the Zoroastrian cult⁸.
Historical
references
to Kāshgar. The general description of Su-lê is followed by brief references to the embassies from this
kingdom in the years 635 and 639 A.D., which we have already had occasion to mention. From
M. Chavannes' extracts from the encyclopaedia Ts'ê fu yüan kuei we learn that in 698 A.D. (after
the recovery of the 'Four Garrisons' from the Tibetans) P'ei Yi-chien, king of Su-lê, sent
a mission to the Imperial court to offer his tribute⁹. About the year 705 we find mention of a
palisaded camp in the territory of Su-lê, to which Kuo Yüan-chên, Protector of An-hsi, retired
for safety from the attacks of rebel T'u-chüeh tribes¹⁰. In 728 A.D. P'ei An-chih, who already had
the title of A-mo-chih of Su-lê, received his investiture as king of Su-lê by an Imperial
brevet, the text of which is preserved among the diplomatic documents of the Ts'ê fu yüan kuei¹¹.
A notice of the T'ang shu relating to the Turgāsh tribes of the T'u-chüeh shows us, in 739 A.D.,
the governor of the Chinese garrison of Su-lê forcibly interfering in their affairs as far as
Talas (Auliata)¹². In 753 A.D., soon after Wu-k'ung, on his way to Gandhāra, had passed through
Kāshgar, we hear of certain high dignitaries from Su-lê presenting their homage at the
Imperial court¹³. After this date specific references to Kāshgar in the T'ang Annals cease.
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724
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