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『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0205 |
Ancient Khotan : vol.1 |
| 古代コータン : vol.1 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
rendering of the name of Khotan, as it sounded in the time of the Former Han Dynasty or
even earlier, appears highly probable. The possibility of the first character yü 于 being used
as a transliteration of the character 玉, which means 'jade', need cause no doubt on this point,
since, as Dr. Bushell has kindly pointed out to me, the selection of syllabic characters, of more
or less appropriate meaning, for proper names is commonly practised by the Chinese, apparently
as a kind of memoria technica. Khotan having always owed its fame with the Chinese mainly
to its precious jade, the use of this particular character in the phonetic transcription of the
indigenous name would be easily accounted for ¹⁹.
The form Yü-tun 于 道, which Hsüan-tsang mentions as that used by the Hsiung-nu, and Other
which the T'ang Annals ascribe more generally to 'the barbarians (Ti) of the North', mani- Chinese
festly represents a phonetic adaptation of the name closely approaching the official Yü-t'ien. names.
It seems probable that this same Yü-tun is meant also by Wu-k'ung's itinerary when it men-
tions 千 道 Ch'ien-tun as an alternative name of Khotan ²⁰; for the Ch'ien of the first
syllable can scarcely be anything else but a slight graphic error for 于 (yü). The other forms
of the name which this later pilgrim records, Yü-t'ien, Huo-tan (here spelt 鶻 丹), and
Ch'ü-sa-tan-na, are already known to us from Hsüan-tsang and the T'ang Annals. Wu-k'ung
distinctly tells us that Ch'ü-sa-tan-na is the Sanskrit name 'meaning in the Chinese the kingdom
of the breast of the Earth'.
It is easy to recognize a phonetic reproduction of the name of Khotan also in U-then, Tibetan
which the Tibetan legend mentions as the name of the great city in the country of Li-yul ²¹. forms of
This Tibetan U-then corresponds closely with the forms O-duan, Wu-duan, &c., quoted in a name.
previous note as early Mongol renderings, as well as with the modern Chinese Ho-t'ien 和 闐
and Manchu Ho-thian ²². On the other hand, I am unable to connect the name Li-yul, literally
meaning 'country of Li', by which the Tibetan texts above referred to, as well as other Tibetan
works, invariably designate the Khotan region, with any indigenous term. The identity of
Li-yul and Khotan, first correctly indicated by Wassilieff, has been placed beyond all doubt
by Mr. Rockhill's publication; but the connexion suggested by the latter scholar between the
Tibetan Li[-yul] and the name of Ilchi given to the present chief town of Khotan appears
highly doubtful, considering that there is no evidence for this latter name being of any antiquity.
I am unable to trace it in any records earlier than the eighteenth century ²³. Even then its
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