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| 0226 |
Ancient Khotan : vol.1 |
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a Chinese commandant of Yü-t'ien shows that the territory had already received an imperial
garrison ²⁵.
Reign of
Wei-ch'ih
Fu-tu
Hsiung
(circ. 674–
690 A.D.). About the year 674–675 A.D. Fu-tu Hsiung, king of Khotan, is recorded to have personally paid
homage at the Chinese court, accompanied by his sons, younger brothers, and high dignitaries.
In return for services against the Tibetans, the emperor paid him the compliment of constituting
his territory into the Government of P'i-sha 毗 沙, called after the god Vaiśravaṇa (P'i-sha-mên
in Chinese transcription), and appointing him its governor. The Annals mention the division
of the territory into ten districts, but unfortunately fail to give us their names ²⁶. On the death
of Wei-ch'ih Fu-tu Hsiung, his son Ching was placed on the throne by the Empress Wu in
the year 691 ²⁷. An embassy from this ruler in the year 717, according to the Ts'ê fu yüan kuei,
brought as presents two horses trained for the game of polo, a wild camel of remarkable fleetness,
and a leopard ²⁸.
Tibetan
inroads
(circ. 714–
719 A.D.). It must have been under his reign that the garrison town of K'an 坎 城, belonging to
Khotan, and three hundred li to the east of the capital, was, circ. 705–706 A.D., raided with rich
reward in plunder by the Turkish chief Ch'üeh-cho, as recorded in the biography of Kuo
Yüan-chên, then 'Great Protector of An-hsi' ²⁹. Far more serious, however, during the latter
part of his reign must have been the danger to Khotan from the Tibetans. The latter are
known from the Annals to have annually harassed the Chinese borders from 714 A.D. onwards; and
in the interesting Chinese sgraffito of the Endere shrine, dated in the year 719, we have definite
evidence that the inroads of these formidable adversaries extended also to the confines of the
protected state of Khotan ³⁰. In the same year an imperial decree bestowed upon Yü-t'ien, as
on the other three states then counted among the four garrisons (Kāshgar, Kuchā, Kara-shahr),
the right of levying duties from the merchants of the 'Western Regions' and of utilizing the
proceeds for their own purposes ³¹.
A-mo-chih,
title of
Khotan
ruler. A notice of the Tzŭ chih t'ung chien acquaints us with a Khotan king whose name does
not appear in the T'ang Annals. It relates that Wei-ch'ih T'iao, who in secret alliance with the
T'u-chüeh and other Hu tribes was preparing a revolt, was in 725 seized and executed by the
Deputy Protector of An-hsi ³². The successor, whom the latter is said to have nominated, was
in all probability Wei-ch'ih Fu-shih-chan, whose brevet of investiture as king of Khotan, dated
in the first month of the sixteenth year of the K'ai-yüan period (728 A.D.), is actually among
the documents translated by M. Chavannes from the Ts'ê fu yüan kuei ³³. The brevet mentions
at the head of the king's official titles that of 'a-mo-chih 阿 摩 支 of Yü-t'ien'.
This title of a-mo-chih is of interest, as by it we find the ruler of Khotan designated in a
Chinese document from Dandān-Uiliq dated 768 A.D. ³⁴. It appears also in a decree of the
same year which bestowed the throne of Kāshgar on An-chih, a-mo-chih of Su-lê ³⁵.
Khotan
rulers from
circ. 736 to
760 A.D. Fu-shih-chan was succeeded by Fu-tu Ta, apparently about 736 A.D., as an imperial decree of
that year records the grant of the title of princess to his consort, the dame Chih-shih ³⁶.
Wei-ch'ih Kuei, whom the Annals name as the next ruler of Khotan, must have succeeded
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724
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