国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0100 |
Ancient Khotan : vol.1 |
| 古代コータン : vol.1 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
Asia ¹⁶. Here we are concerned only with the territories of Eastern Turkestān. The Protectorate of An-hsi which, as we have seen, had in 640 A.D. been established in Turfān (Kao-ch'ang) for the purpose of extending Chinese control over these territories, was in 658 A.D., immediately after the final victory over the Turks, definitely transferred to Kuchā (Ch'iu-tzŭ) ¹⁷.
The 'Four
Garrisons.' The passage of the T'ang Annals tells us that this Protectorate was intended to govern Yü-t'ien (Khotan), Suei-shih (Tokmak), and Su-lê, the whole of these territories (including Kuchā itself) being henceforth known as the 'Four Garrisons'. There can be no doubt that this term 四 鎮 included all Eastern Turkestān, not merely the territories actually enumerated as seats of the 'Four Garrisons'. The official list of the latter subsequently underwent a change, by the substitution of Kara-shahr for Tokmak, at a date variously stated as 670 or 719 A.D.; but the application of the term itself, in the sense above indicated, remained the same as long as the supremacy of the T'angs in the Tārim Basin lasted ¹⁸.
Subjection
of Kāshgar. The fact that Kāshgar figures from the first in the official list of the 'Four Garrisons' shows the importance which the Chinese attached to this state. The Imperial decree finally ordering the administrative organization of Su-lê and Chu-chü-p'an or Karghalik, along with a number of Trans-Oxus states, was issued in the year 659 ¹⁹. But other passages in the T'ang Annals prove that the actual establishment of Chinese authority at Kāshgar was not effected immediately. The authority of the Kagans, who after the capture of Ho-lu had been placed by the Emperor in charge of the defeated tribes of the Western Turks, appears to have been very weak. Tu-man (also designated as A-hsi-chieh ch'üeh-ssŭ-chin), the chief of one of the Nu-shih-pi tribes belonging to the Western Turks, rose in rebellion, and carrying with him the states of Su-lê, Chu-chü-po (Karghalik), and Ho-p'an-t'o or Ts'ung-ling (Sarikol), attacked and conquered Khotan. A Chinese force was sent against him, and succeeded in defeating and capturing him in the year 660 somewhere on the Upper Yaxartes ²⁰.
First em-
bassies from
Kāshgar. We have already had occasion to note that the states subject to the Western Turks, but outside the tracts actually occupied by their semi-nomadic tribes, retained their local rulers. The desert regions of the Tārim Basin and the small oases interspersed between them were by their physical conditions effectually protected against such occupation; and accordingly the Chinese conquest found Kāshgar and the other territories of Eastern Turkestān under the rule of indigenous princes whose allegiance to their suzerain must have depended mainly upon the
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