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brought into subjection in Bactria.² It is not likely that they will be definitely settled until further
researches, perhaps on Bactrian soil itself, have furnished additional materials. Still less do I feel
called upon here to investigate the location at different periods of those Tukhāra who have figured
in Sanskrit literature since the Mahābhārata, and whose name is certainly identical with that of the
classical Tochari in Strabo and Ptolemy and the Tu-huo-lo of the Chinese records. But in the course
of the discussions on this subject Hsüan-tsang's mention of the ruins of the 'old Tu-huo-lo country'
has been repeatedly treated as if it afforded conclusive proof that the early seats of the Tochari were
in this particular locality before their conquest of Bactria.³ It is this assumption which must be
examined here in the light of the newly acquired archaeological evidence.
This shows quite clearly that the town walls, etc., which Hsüan-tsang saw in ruins about A.D. 645
at the deserted settlement must have been occupied down to the third or fourth century of our era.
It follows that the abandonment of the site could have nothing to do with the supposed emigration
of the Tochari from this tract to Bactria some eight centuries before the time of Hsüan-tsang's visit.
In view of this it must appear very doubtful whether it is necessary or even justifiable to put upon
Hsüan-tsang's brief reference to the 'old Tu-huo-lo country' that interpretation which has been
generally presumed in the discussions reviewed in the preceding note, viz. that this was the country
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131
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141
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151
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161
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171
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181
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191
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211
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231
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241
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251
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261
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271
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281
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291
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301
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312
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322
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332
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342
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352
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357
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361
362
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372
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382
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392
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402
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412
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422
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432
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442
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452
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462
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472
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482
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492
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502
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512
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522
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532
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542
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552
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562
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572
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582
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592
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602
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612
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622
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632
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642
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646
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