National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
|
|
Color Thumbnail -
Table of Contents -
Page Number -
Biliographic Information (Metadata) -
Caption -
Color Image -
Gray HighRes. Image -
Facing Pages -
Graphics -
Citation Information
OCR Text
on the ancient route through Lou-lan. 'As regards the roads which starting from Tun-huang and
Yü-mên kuan ('Jade Gate barrier') pass into the Western Countries, there were two before, but now
'Southern there are three. The southern route is the one which starting from Yü-mên kuan leaves from the
route.' west, passes the Jo Ch'iang, turns westwards, crosses the Ts'ung-ling, traverses "the suspended
passages", and passes among the Ta Yüeh-chih.
'Central 'The central route is the one which, starting from Yü-mên kuan, sets out on the west, leaves
route.' the well of the Protector-General 都護井,¹⁰ turns back at the northern extremity of the San-lung
[desert of] sand 三壟沙, passes the Chü-lu granary 居盧倉; then on leaving from the Sha-hsi
well 沙西井, turns to the north-west, passes through the Lung-tui 龍堆, arrives at the ancient
Lou-lan 故樓蘭 and turning westwards arrives at Ch'iu-tzŭ 龜茲 (Kuchā), then attains the
Ts'ung-ling 忽嶺.
'New north- 'The new route [of the north] is the one which, starting from Yü-mên kuan, sets out on the
ern route.' north-west, passes through Hêng-k'êng 橫坑, avoids the San-lung [desert of] sand as well as the
Lung-tui, leads north of Wu-ch'uan 五辦 and arrives, in the territory of Chü-shih 車師, at
Kao-ch'ang 高昌 (Kara-khōja) . . . . . ; then it turns westwards and rejoins the central route at
Ch'iu-tzŭ (Kuchā).'
Position of My observations here as regards the southern and northern of the Wei lio's routes may be
'Jade Gate'. brief, as also those concerning the Yü-mên kuan, the 'Jade Gate barrier', from which they, as well
as the central route, are described as starting. My subsequent explorations have proved that this
famous frontier station, so frequently mentioned in the Chinese Annals in connexion with events
affecting the Western Countries, was situated during Han times at a point of the ancient Chinese
Limes in the desert west of Tun-huang marked by the ruined watch-station T. xiv and identified
Line of by the evidence of the records I discovered there.¹⁹ That 'the southern route' of the Wei lio is
'southern identical with the one which still leads from Tun-huang along the northernmost main range of the
route' K'un-lun, here known as Āltin-tāgh, to Charkhlik and thence through the string of oases in the
traced. south of the Tārim Basin is made certain by the mention of the Jo Ch'iang, a nomadic tribe whose
position in the mountains between Tun-huang and Chü-mo or Charchan is quite correctly described
by the Former Han Annals.¹¹ We have already seen that the list which a subsequent passage of
the Wei lio gives of the territories passed through by 'the southern route' begins with Shan-shan
and the small 'kingdoms' of Chü-mo, Hsiao-yüan, Ching-chüeh (Niya), and Lou-lan, described as
its dependencies.¹² It is not necessary for us to examine this list again, mainly based as it is on
that which the Former Han Annals give for their 'Southern Road'; nor to trace the distant
1
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
11
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
21
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
31
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
41
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
51
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
61
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
71
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
81
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
91
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
101
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
111
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
121
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
131
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
141
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
151
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
161
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
171
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
181
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
191
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
201
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
211
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
221
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
231
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
241
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
251
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
261
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
271
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
281
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
291
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
301
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
312
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
322
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
332
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
342
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
352
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
362
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
372
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
382
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
392
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
402
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
412
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
422
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
432
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
442
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
452
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
462
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
472
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
482
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
492
.
.
.
496
497
498
499
500
.
502
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
512
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
522
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
532
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
542
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
552
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
562
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
572
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
582
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
592
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
602
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
612
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
622
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
632
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
642
.
.
.
646
Copyright (C) 2003-2026
National Institute of Informatics
and
The Toyo Bunko. All Rights Reserved.
