国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0020 |
Serindia : vol.3 |
| セリンディア : vol.3 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
river which any practicable canal system could command is limited to a triangle roughly 16 miles
long and about 10 miles wide at its base, it is also certain that the facilities for irrigation furnished
here by the Su-lo Ho are greatly inferior to those which are enjoyed by Tun-huang owing to the
volume of the Tang Ho and the favourable position of the oasis on a large and fertile alluvial fan.
Irrigation
from Su-lo
Ho. Great as the drainage area of the Su-lo Ho is, and imposing as are the glacier sources which
feed it and which we were able partially to survey in August, 1907, yet much of its volume is lost by
evaporation and otherwise on the wide glacis of gravel below Ch'ang-ma and on its long course
through arid wastes between Yü-mên-hsien and the canal heads above An-hsi. At An-hsi itself
I found, on June 19, the river reduced to the appearance of an insignificant sluggish watercourse,
about 20 feet wide and less than 2 feet deep in the middle. At the same time I could see from the
width of the dry bed, some 200 yards across, in which this watercourse was meandering, and from
its steeply cut banks, 15–20 feet high, how great the floods are which the Su-lo Ho carries down
early in the spring after the first snow melts in the mountains, and again in the late summer when
the big glaciers of the Suess Range discharge their full quota. It is clear that such conditions must
often interfere with the maintenance of canal heads and the provision of an adequate water-supply at
the critical seasons, and difficulties on this score were acknowledged by the district officials.
Population
of An-hsi
district. From the information they were able or willing to give me, it appeared that the total population
of the An-hsi district was then reckoned at about 900 households. But even if this figure was not
exaggerated, it must be remembered that in it were also included several small oases higher up the
river, such as Hsiao-wan and Shuang-t'a-pao, as well as a few relatively flourishing villages in the
lower hills, two of which I was subsequently able to visit. From all this it seems safe to conclude
that Kua-chou even in ancient times must have ranked considerably below Tun-huang in economic
resources and importance.
Historical
connexion
with Tun-
huang. This conclusion is supported by all early references to Kua-chou that are accessible to me, as
they show it in close political connexion with, or dependence on, the territory of Tun-huang. Not
being able to consult the special notices that the Chinese historical sources are likely to contain con-
cerning Kua-chou, I must be content with pointing out that in Han times the command of Tun-huang
must obviously have included it, and that the same may be also assumed regarding the arrondisse-
ment of Sha-chou 沙州, i.e. Tun-huang, which was organized in A.D. 345 by Chang Chün,
a local ruler of western Kan-su.¹¹ With the interesting part which Kua-chou played in the story of
Hsüan-tsang's start on his great journey, and to which we owe the earliest mention of the place
I can trace among texts accessible to me in translation, I shall have occasion to deal presently. The
reference made in the Ch'ien-fo-tung inscription of A.D. 894 to a prefect of Kua-chou who was the
grandson of Chang I-ch'ao, the local chief of the Tun-huang region in A.D. 850, and whose elder
brother held the prefecture of Sha-chou, proves that both tracts at that period continued to be
governed by the same local family.¹² Later still the Chinese envoy Kao Chü-hui on his mission to
Khotan, A.D. 938–42, found both Kua-chou and Sha-chou occupied mainly by Chinese, and both
under a local chief of the Ts'ao family.¹³
In discussing above the historical records concerning the extension of the ancient Chinese Limes
beyond Tun-huang, I have already emphasized the importance attaching to all oases, big or small,
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342
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362
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372
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382
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392
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452
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462
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472
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482
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492
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502
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512
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522
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532
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542
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553
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573
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593
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613
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633
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653
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671
672
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