国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0056 |
Serindia : vol.3 |
| セリンディア : vol.3 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
towards Chia-yü kuan and Su-chou, as I had been led to assume before.⁷ In reality a practically
unbroken chain of remains shows that it at first continued eastwards past the outlying oasis of Hu-hai-
tzŭ or Ying-p'an, well to the north of the An-hsi–Su-chou high road, whence it led far away towards the
north-east to beyond the Mao-mei tract on the united course of the Su-chou and Kan-chou rivers.⁸
This discovery has made it perfectly certain that the well-known line of wall following more or less
the great route from Kan-chou to Su-chou can have nothing to do with the border line drawn on the
first Chinese conquest of westernmost Kan-su and with Han Wu-ti's extension of the Great Wall.
It must be of much later origin, and everything in the way of archaeological and historical
indications combines to support the view expressed to me by local informants that it dates from
Ming times.
Wall line
marks
policy of
seclusion. It was then that the Chinese Empire assumed that policy of strict seclusion towards Central
Asia the application of which on this very frontier is so clearly proved by the Western notices to
be presently mentioned. A purely defensive line drawn so closely to the limits of the cultivated
areas along the foot of the Nan-shan and the high road connecting them would have had no raison
d'être in T'ang times while China was asserting political and military control over vast portions of
Central Asia. When the hold of Chinese imperial power over Kan-su had been brought to an end
in most parts by Turkish and Tibetan invasion, a work of this kind manifestly could not be under-
taken. While Uigurs, and then Tanguts, held sway over 'Ho-hsi', their power extended not merely
over the cultivated tracts which this wall was meant to protect, but also over areas extending far
beyond them northward. At that period the construction of the wall would have served no purpose,
even if such a scheme of defence could ever have recommended itself to semi-nomadic rulers.
The same observation obviously applies also to the period of Mongol dominion over the Empire,
when the frontiers of China were kept open more than ever before to intercourse with Central and
Western Asia.
Border
closed by
Mings. Historical records abundantly attest the complete change of policy which took place on the
advent of the Ming dynasty (A.D. 1368) and the rigid system then adopted of closing China's
western frontiers to foreign intercourse. This system of seclusion alone can account for the con-
struction of a wall which, unlike the ancient Han Limes, ignores all strategic advantages of the
ground and clings closely to the line where a mere policing of the border was easiest. Here we
find the explanation at once of the wall being carried always close to the occupied area or else to
the high road, even where military considerations would manifestly have recommended a different
position,⁹ and of the abandonment of oases like Chin-t'a and Mao-mei which could not have been
brought within the Wall without making police control over it more difficult. But the most significant
indication lies in the fact that this wall ends exactly at Chia-yü kuan. This was the very place
during Ming times where, as the concordant accounts of Western travellers prove, the rare missions
and caravans annually admitted 'within the Wall' from Central Asia were subjected to close
examination before being allowed to enter Chinese territory.
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512
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522
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532
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542
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553
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573
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593
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613
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633
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653
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671
672
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