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| 0122 |
Serindia : vol.3 |
| セリンディア : vol.3 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
56 miles of my cyclometer, reckoning from Toksun to Kumush. By Lü-kuang 呂 光 on the
frontier of Yen-ch'i or Kara-shahr, 40 li distant, must be meant a halting-place at or near the present
Kara-kizil (Map No. 51. D. 4), where water is obtained from a deep well, and the natural frontier of
Kara-shahr, corresponding with the watershed towards the Bagrash Lake, is entered. Thence,
beyond the P'an-shih 磐 石 tract, the military station of Chang-san-mieh 張 三 滅 is reached after
100 li more. There can be no doubt that the cultivated area of Ushak-tal (Map No. 51. A. 4) is meant,
though the actual road distance from Kara-kizil is over 30 miles. 'Going towards the south-west
for 145 li one passes the road station called Hsin-ch'êng 新 城 (" the new city ") and crossing the
Tan 溱 River (the Kara-shahr River) arrives at the garrison town of Yen-ch'i 焉 者.' That by
the station of Hsin-ch'êng a place approximately in the position of the present town of Kara-shahr
must be intended is made clear by the bearing and distance. The situation of the ancient capital
of Kara-shahr will be discussed presently.
Hsüan-
tsang's
miraculous
spring. We must regret that Hsüan-tsang begins his Hsi-yü-chi from Yen-ch'i, or A-ch'i-ni 阿 耆 尼,
as he calls Kara-shahr, but does not describe the route by which he arrived there from Kao-ch'ang
or Turfân ; for the account we receive of this journey in his Life⁴ is not as clear as it might have
been in the great traveller's own record. M. Chavannes has assumed that he followed the route
which the T'ang itinerary describes,⁵ and on general grounds this appears probable. But obscuri-
ties of detail remain, and it must be remembered that the present high road is not the only route by
which to reach Kara-shahr from Turfân.⁶ If Hsüan-tsang followed the main route, which certainly
is the easiest, I think that we may identify the miraculous 'spring of the Master A-fu', about the
origin of which the Life tells a lengthy legend, with the remarkable spring which issues from a sheer
wall of rock in the deep gorge passed by the route about a mile below the station of Arghai-bulak
(Map No. 54. B. 3), and from which this derives its name. There is no water to be found elsewhere on
the route above this point until Kumush. But it must be mentioned that the Life describes the
spring as issuing from a 'monticule de sable, au sud de la route', whereas the Arghai-bulak issues
from a cliff of what seemed to me granite or gneiss, and flanking the route on the west. On the
other hand, the statement that the Master, after passing the night with his companions by this
spring, started by daybreak and traversed, evidently the same day, 'the Yin-shan or "mountain of
silver", which is very high and large', would well accord with the long march by which the elevated
plateau above mentioned is crossed from Arghai-bulak to Kumush. That the pious pilgrim was
attacked by robbers when proceeding west of this mountain would well agree with the topography
of the route beyond Kumush ; for the broken ground crossed there would specially facilitate such
exploits from the higher valleys north which afford fair grazing for nomads.⁷
Position of
Kara-shahr
district. My stay in the Kara-shahr region was too short and the extent of the ground that I actually
visited, away from the line of the main route and certain ruined sites, too limited to justify my
attempting here either a systematic survey of its geography or a review of the data we possess
regarding its early history. But among the geographical features distinguishing the Kara-shahr
territory there are some so striking, and of such obviously great importance as determining its
history, that a brief account of them seems called for here.
Kara-shahr in some respects occupies a unique position among the districts comprised within
the Târim Basin. Immediately adjoining from the north-east the great flat trough which extends in
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573
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593
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613
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633
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653
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671
672
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