国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

a well-modelled Bodhisattva head in high relief treated in almost pure Gandhāra style and set within
a decorative square frame. Its material is a fine evenly-fired clay. Fragments from the same or
a similar mould were found in numbers at other ruins also. The fragment of a pottery vessel,
Mi. xxiii. 0026, is of interest, as it bears a short Tibetan inscription incised before burning.

Mould for
casting
stucco
relievos. From two small detached cellas further north, xxiv, xxvii, six fragmentary Pōthi leaves in
Brāhmi script were recovered, besides the fine relievo plaque Mi. xxiv. 001 (Plate CXXXVII) and the
badly injured fragment of a painted wooden panel. Beyond these cellas again stretches a series of
shrines which retain their walls to a fair height, but have suffered badly from moisture in their
interior. The only noteworthy find made here was that of a plaster of Paris mould, Mi. iv. 001
(Plate CXXXVII), which has forms for casting a small seated Buddha and curls and zigzag locks of
hair for larger relievo figures. The find was of special interest to me at the time as definitely
proving the use of moulds for the production of those stucco relievos which came to light in such
abundance and variety from other ruined shrines of this site. Since then information has become
available about the important discovery of some thirty such moulds which was made by Professor
Grünwedel's party in two cellas of group II.¹⁴ Finds of exactly corresponding moulds that I made
at Khādalik have been recorded above.¹⁵

Group III,
shrine xxvi. Among the shrines cleared in group III, along the easternmost ridge, no finds were made
except in the cella xxi, where an octagonal post with a line in Brāhmi on each side came to light,
and in the large temple xxvi. It rises as an imposing pile on a high walled-up terrace, seen in
Fig. 283 on the left. The top of this terrace measures approximately 80 feet by 68; it must have
been once approached by stairs leading up the north-east face, but these are completely covered by
heavy masses of débris and could not be cleared within the available time. The cella, 22½ feet
square, is enclosed by walls 3 feet thick, now reddened and hardened by fire. The interior was
filled to a height of more than 8 feet by similar hard débris. Passages, about 6 feet wide and each
lit by a window, led on the north-west and south-east sides to the chamber at the back, about
11 feet wide. The approach to the cella leads through an antechapel or front hall of unusually
large dimensions, about 37 feet deep, and this is flanked on either side by a small subsidiary chapel,
about 8 feet square, another unusual feature.

Fragments
of stucco
relievos. The clearing of the front hall was rewarded only by a few small fragments of stucco relievos,
including the two small heads Mi. xxvi. 001, 004. The hard-burned débris of the cella was partially
cleared, but yielded only a few small relievo pieces like Mi. xxvi. 002, 0010, still recognizable.
Here, too, the outer passage walls had escaped the worst effects of the conflagration, and it was
along the north-west wall and in the west corner that the remaining stucco relief fragments, in-
cluding the decorative bands Mi. xxvi. 008–9 (Plate CXXXVII) with appliqué flowers, were found.
They must have fallen early from stucco friezes fixed to the outer wall, as will be described presently
in shrine x–xii. In some places this wall still retained the wooden pegs which helped to carry these
friezes. At the south-east foot of the terrace supporting xxvi there was found a cinerary urn of
rough pottery containing completely decayed human bones.

Sepulchral
monu-
ments. To the east and south-east of group III of shrines the lower ground is occupied by the
sepulchral monuments of the two types above described. All of them appear to have been
enclosed by rectangular walls of no great height. Those of the 'Stūpa' type in their domed portion
show a curious resemblance to the felt tents, or 'Ak-ois', of Kirghiz and Mongols. In none of these
monuments were there signs of burning, but there is reason to assume that their interiors, easily
accessible as they were, had been searched again and again for 'treasure'. The one nearest to
xxvi and best preserved (Fig. 288), with a domed chamber about 13 feet in diameter, was cleared