国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0262 |
Serindia : vol.3 |
| セリンディア : vol.3 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
people resembled Ch'iu-tzŭ (Kuchā) and its people, but the spoken language differed a little. The
fine cloth and serge of the district were esteemed by the neighbouring countries. There were some
tens of monasteries with above a thousand Brethren.' ⁹
Position If we compare this short account of Ak-su with the detailed description which Hsüan-tsang
of Ak-su. devotes to Kuchā or Khotan, and its number of Buddhist monks with the five thousand he attributes
to either of these kingdoms,¹⁰ it is easy to realize that Ak-su was in his time a territory of far less
importance and resources. With this accords what the Later Han Annals, the Wei lio, and the
T'ang Annals indicate about the dependence of Ku-mo on Kuchā,¹¹ and the same observation still
holds good at the present day. What importance Ak-su may claim nowadays as a commercial and
administrative centre is due, not to its local produce or industries, far inferior to those of Kuchā,
but mainly to the advantages which are assured to the district and its 'Old Town' by their geo-
graphical position. At Ak-su the great trade route through the northern oases of the Tārim Basin
from Kara-shahr to Kāshgar is crossed by others almost as important leading to the great fertile
valleys north of the T'ien-shan. From Ak-su there leads due north the much-frequented route
across the Muz-art Pass, which connects the Tārim Basin with the Ili valley and the trade emporium
of Kulja. Up the valley of the Tushkan-daryā and past Uch-Turfān lies the route which crosses the
Bedel Pass and thence gives access, on the one side to the valleys around Lake Issik-kul, and on
the other to the headwaters of the Yaxartes and to Farghāna, always amongst the lands most
coveted by Central-Asian conquerors. The same factors which make Ak-su town nowadays a busy
place of trade exchange and caravan traffic must have been equally at work in Han times when the
great kingdom of the Wu-sun was established in the valleys northward, and later when all the
mountains and the plains beyond were held by the Western Turks, whose paramount Khān Hsüan-
tsang proceeded to visit near Tokmak after leaving Po-lu-chia, or Ak-su.¹² It is scarcely necessary
to explain that the same geographical reasons must have always invested Ak-su with considerable
strategic and political importance. There can be little doubt about their having primarily determined
the selection of Ak-su as headquarters for the Tao-t'ai whom the Chinese established here with
a (nominally) strong garrison after the reconquest of the New Dominion in 1877.¹³
Ethno- The thought naturally suggests itself that geographical relations such as these could not have
graphy of remained without their influence also upon the ethnography of the district. Exposure to inroads
Ak-su
district. from the north may here, as in the parallel case of Kara-shahr, account both for the mixed character
of the population and for the inadequate cultivation in spite of ample irrigation resources. But
I lack the materials for following up this question here further. It must suffice to point out that
the manifold changes in the name of the district to which I had occasion to call attention above may
have, partly at least, had their origin in successive variations of the ethnic composition of the people.
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332
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342
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352
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362
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372
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382
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392
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402
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422
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432
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442
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452
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462
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472
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482
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492
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502
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512
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522
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532
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542
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553
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573
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593
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613
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633
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653
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671
672
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