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0437	Serindia : vol.3
セリンディア : vol.3

APPENDIX H

NOTES ON MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
REPRESENTED IN THE STEIN COLLECTION

BY

KATHARINE SCHLESINGER

I. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS REPRESENTED IN PAINTINGS FROM THE
'CAVES OF THE THOUSAND BUDDHAS', TUN-HUANG

A.—Large Silk Paintings

Ch. iii. 003. Orchestra, grouped right and left. On L.
of picture, commencing from the top, a drum, a harp, a lute,
a psaltery, a lute; on R., large clappers, transverse flute,
cheng or Chin. mouth-organ, pipe with whistle-head or reed,
more probably the former.

Drum. In the shape of two cups reversed and joined
at their bases. Over the aperture at each end is stretched
a piece of vellum or skin, which is being struck with great
vigour by the performer with his hands; the sound produced
would be of indefinite musical pitch. (For a different use
of this instrument, see below, Yo. 02. b.)

Harp. Similar to that in Ch. iv. 0011. Sound-holes are
visible in the side of the sound-chest; the tension rod shows
the system of ring attachment used.

Lutes. The two lutes are identical; handsomely decorated
with inlay, carving, and paintings. There are four strings
fastened to a bridge tail-piece, on the sound-board, at one
end, and stretched over a carved and inlaid finger-board
ending in a fleur-de-lis or leaf where the pear-shaped body
joins the neck. The scroll peg-box has a very modern
appearance, the pegs being fastened through the sides.
There are two C-shaped sound-holes. A large plectrum,
fan-shaped at one end, is held by the performer, who in one
case seems to be giving the note, while the second performer
is tuning up and fixing a peg.

Psaltery. Is of a long rectangular shape, composed of

a sound-chest over which are stretched longitudinally some
eight to twelve strings (eight may be discerned), supported
on rows of movable bridges. Performer is using both hands
to twang the strings. There are small round sound-holes in
the sound-board. A similar type of instrument, if played by
striking the strings with small hammers, would be called
a dulcimer. The former, when provided with keyboard, gave
us the harpsichord type; the latter the pianoforte.

Clappers. An instrument of this type is referred to above,
p. 1051 (Ch. xlix. 005). Drawing in this case more elaborate.
Shows five or perhaps six thin plates of some dark wood cut
in the shape of a sail.

Transverse Flute. A cylindrical flute, apparently built
with three or four joints. The embouchure is visible at the
side, and the position of the lips in blowing is correctly
indicated. The flute is held towards the right, the R. hand
fingering the lower notes (cf. flute in Yo. 02. a).

Cheng. Chinese mouth-organ, the progenitor of our
harmonium. The instrument is shaped like a teapot, filled
with reed pipes of different lengths, and consists of a wind
reservoir, generally a gourd, of an insufflation tube (the spout
of the teapot), and of the pipes which act as resonators,
reinforcing the note of the free reed inserted just above the
foot of each pipe. A few dummy ones without reeds are
generally inserted to add to the symmetry. The free reed
consists of a flap of reed, leather, or fine thin brass, fixed
over an aperture, into which it fits so that it works freely,
responding to the stream of compressed air and swinging
with elasticity to and fro through the aperture. The distinc-

9 A 2

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国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ