国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0260 |
Serindia : vol.3 |
| セリンディア : vol.3 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
Section II.—THROUGH AK-SU AND UCH-TURFĀN
Delta of
Khotan-
daryā.
The eight marches by which I covered the 150 odd miles from Mazār-tāgh to the Tārim,
or Yārkand River, offered no opportunities for direct antiquarian observations. But as I passed
down the steadily widening course of the Khotan-daryā, between the numerous branching beds
which the river from below Korla-ayaki (Map No. 25. c. 4) has formed at different times and in turn
deserted as they silted up, I had before my eyes the best possible illustration of what the ancient
deltas of the Keriya River and the Kuruk-daryā in the Lop Desert must have looked like before
they finally dried up.¹
Route along
Ak-su R.
On April 28 we crossed the Tārim within a mile or so below the junction of the rivers of Yār-
kand and Ak-su. The former was almost dry at that season, whereas the latter filled a bed fully
300 yards wide and carried a considerable volume of water. The large size of the Ak-su River is
explained by the great extent and relative nearness of the high snow-bed portions of the T'ien-shan
main range which it drains. Its headwaters stretch for a length of over four degrees of longitude
from the western slopes of the great peak of Khān-tengri to the Terek Pass north of Kāshgar. But
with this abundance of water available for irrigation there contrasted in a very striking fashion the
scanty and careless cultivation which is carried on in the narrow village belt along the river's left
bank. I had ample opportunities to notice this on the three long marches which brought us to the
'New Town' of Ak-su, and the recollections still fresh of the thriving lands of Khotan necessarily
deepened the impression.
Dolān popu-
lation at
Ak-su.
That this undeveloped condition of what might become a large and flourishing tract could not
be due to an inadequate water-supply was here clear. In the end I was led to connect it with
a marked difference in the ethnic character of the population. This consists in the riverine parts of
the Ak-su district to a very large extent of settlers of genuine Turk extraction, known as 'Dolāns'.
In speech, racial type, and original habits of life they appear to be closely allied to the Kirghiz who
occupy the grazing-grounds in the adjacent parts of the T'ien-shan and are to be found also
as cultivators in the valley of the Tushkan-daryā above Uch-Turfān. That the Dolāns who form
the bulk of the population along the Yārkand River from above Marāl-bāshi to Ak-su are different
in stock from the inhabitants of the oases to the south, east, and west is well known, and it is also
certain that their conversion from semi-nomadic ways to settled agricultural life is of relatively recent
date.² The wave of migration which brought them from across the true Turk territories north of
the T'ien-shan into the Tārim Basin is not likely to have been an old one. Yet, as we shall
presently see, the geographical factors which facilitated the Dolān immigration may help also
to explain certain historical observations about Ak-su.
1
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11
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21
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31
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41
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51
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61
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71
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81
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91
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101
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111
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121
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131
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141
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151
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161
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171
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181
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191
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201
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211
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221
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231
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241
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251
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258
259
260
261
262
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271
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281
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291
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301
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312
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322
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332
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342
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352
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362
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372
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382
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392
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402
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412
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422
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432
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442
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452
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462
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472
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482
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492
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502
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512
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522
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532
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542
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553
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573
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593
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613
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633
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653
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671
672
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