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| 0187 |
Results of a Scientific Mission to India and High Asia : vol.3 |
| インドおよび高地アジアへの科学調査隊派遣の成果 : vol.3 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
"n:" we considered the four forms of "n" occurring in Sanskrit and Bengáli as
too much alike to assign them separate letters in writing Indian words in European
transcription. Where, as in Hindostáni, the consonant "n" is connected with a nasal
vowel, the "n" cannot be phonetically heard; and it is the modification of the vowel
only that receives the sign ˜, as mentioned above.
"r:" its guttural modification, I propose to distinguish only in the native
writing.
"s:" the Hindostáni alphabet, including its Persian and Arabic elements, has two
modifications of "s," sin and sad, and these we have distinguished by the native
characters. Oriental scholars generally agree that there is but little phonetic distinction
between the two consonants. The palatal "s" of the Sanskrit alphabet has no exact
equivalent in English; Wilson writes it in both forms, viz. "s" and "sh." I have not
considered it advisable to make any separate distinction.
"t:" in the native alphabet a cerebral "t" is distinguished. This is the "tó" of
the Arabic, as in the word "Sultán;" but as in the pronunciation no sufficient pho-
netic distinction is made, I have introduced no separate sign for it.
"v," as the "w" in German (Wasser), being distinct from the "v" in very and
the "w" in water.
"y," as "y" in the English word "yes" and "j" in the German word "ja." In
Tibetan words the "i" sometimes found written in European transcription as preceding
a vowel is invariably "y."
"z," soft, as in zeal in English; but in Hindostáni it is only met with in its Semitic
elements. The Sanskrit alphabet and the corresponding part of Hindostáni contain no
such letter. In the Arabic the modifications of "z," which might be distinguished as
ze, zal, zad, and zo, have individual powers, but in Hindostáni no phonetic distinction
is made.
"zh," in the detail of native spelling, is used in analogy with the "sh," for re-
presenting the softer sound, as "j" in the French word "jour."
Tibetan consonants not pronounced.
The distinguishing of Tibetan consonants not pronounced could not be neglected
in the detailed transcription (placed next to the native words). I have used in the
glossary modifications marking such prefixes and suffixes as are not pronounced, by
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