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| 0195 |
Results of a Scientific Mission to India and High Asia : vol.3 |
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2. TERMS PREVAILING IN COMPOSITION.
There are some terms of such frequent occurrence in the composition of geo-
graphical names that I have collected them together in the following comparative
list. It might have been considerably extended if all the varieties met with in the
respective languages had been included; but it was necessary here to limit the col-
lection to such elements only as, more or less modified, are frequently employed
in forming the names of the various localities. The languages of isolated aboriginal
tribes have been also omitted here, as being too numerous, and at the same time of
very limited extent.¹
Town. India in general: sháhár or shér; nágri, nágár, the latter not unfre-
quently spoken (and spelt by the Europeans) nágger; pur, púra, púram,
púri; páttan, pátnam, from the Sanskr. páttana.
Pánjáb: val, vála.
Southern India: chéri.—Ceylon: nur, núra.
Tibet: dong (grong).
Turkistán: The Persian word sháhar is used throughout.
Fort. India in general: gárh, gárhi, most generally the respective names
are combined with gárh, properly gárh "fort," and rarely ghár "house;"
hisár; kílla, or kálla; kot, kóttái.—Southern India: durg or drug from
dúrgam; kódu.—Ceylon: kótur.
Tibet: khar; mkhar; tsong (rdzong); also khartsong, combined, is used
for "fort."
Turkistán; Yárkand: safil. Kókand: korgán.—Bokhára: chiém.
Village, India in general: gáu (old form gráma, gram); basti.—Southern India:
small inhabited gúdam, gúdi, or kúdi; pádi, pádu, pálli, páti, pédu, pét; idam; kóttam;
place in general. pélli.—Ceylon: gámme, gódde.
Tibet: dong (grong); yul, generally pronounced yúl, also combined
dóngyul, yulchér (yul khyer); ts'ho, a community; in Bhután: kyong.
Turkistán. Yárkand: yis; Kókand: yási; Bokhára: kshlag.
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