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| 0191 |
Results of a Scientific Mission to India and High Asia : vol.3 |
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OCR Text
with vowels of imperfect formation, and even where no vowel is written, are some-
times found to be accentuated ones.
By the gradual modifications of modern languages the accent has become far
more prominent than the quantity. The accent more generally falls upon the long
vowels, or diphthongs; the circumstance of their representing contracted vowels being
in favour of the usage. In diphthongs I put the sign of the accent over the first
vowel, even if it is in the antepenult, not, as in Greek, over the second; the latter is
quite against the laws of acoustics, a diphthong pronounced with the second part
accentuated becoming at once decomposed. At the time when the accents were
introduced into Greek most of the diphthongs had probably already ceased to be
pronounced as such (as in modern Greek). Secondary accents we might have indi-
cated by the grave (in coincidence with its original meaning as an attenuated accent),
but we did not find it necessary to introduce it, and this the less so as the position
of this accent is often difficult to define.
In my Glossary, compound words also, when written with their several parts
separated, have only the principle accent marked.
Limit to the receding of the accent.
The physical conditions connected with the duration of the expiration and mus-
cular stress limit the number of unaccentuated syllables following the accentuated one
in the same word, and are the same for all languages. The grammatical and practical
laws are somewhat different in the various languages, but looked at from a general
point of view, they show a surprising resemblance. In Sanskrit,¹ it is generally said,
any syllable, independently of its distance from the end, may be pronounced with
the principal stress; but this does not exclude the physical necessity of audible
secondary intonations in long words, and these secondary accents we always heard
when such Sanskrit words were pronounced before us, even by such Indian natives
as were well acquainted with the theory, that intonation in Sanskrit should have
no limited terminal distance.²
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