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| 0294 |
Results of a Scientific Mission to India and High Asia : vol.3 |
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OCR Text
their want of fixed settlements, most of these idioms have been excluded from a de-
finite participation in geographical terminology; while the spread of Hindostani over
these districts has furthermore overlaid the last remnants of the original dialects.
Even among tribes still existing in appreciable numbers, but of habits so savage, that
they gradually approach extinction,¹ Hindostani words for settlements are frequently
to be found as precursors of the predominant influence of their neighbours; numerous
instances present themselves along the limits of the territories of the Gōds and Tūdas
in India, and of the Gārros, Ābors, Khāssias, and Nāgas in the northern hilly districts
of the Indo-Chinese peninsula. The gradual progress of civilization, whether rapid or
slow, invariably implied the loss of some of the aboriginal languages of the ruder
nations, and an uniform language spread over a large area may equally be the sign
of the superiority of one tribe,² as the proof of the original identity of caste of the
inhabitants. But also for the distinction of tribes the geographical names not un-
frequently present data as important as the physical qualities; disfigured as the names
may have become, there may often be recognized in them vestiges of nationalities which
either have disappeared or changed their place of habitation. Names of mountains and
rivers have a chance of longer vitality than those of towns or villages, the cause of
this probably lying in the very nature of the object, which also excludes alteration of
form or importance by human interference.
2. GENERAL FORMATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.
Mythology and history, or physical description forming the two principal groups of names.—Direct transfer of
generic words.—Modifications in the course of time.
By far the greater number of geographical names are formed by composition,
and may be included about in the following groups:—³
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121
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131
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141
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151
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161
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171
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191
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241
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251
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261
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271
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