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| 0035 |
Archaeological Reconnaissances in North-Western India and South-Eastern Īrān : vol.1 |
| 西北インドと南東イランにおける考古学的調査 : vol.1 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
There he learned of the opposition which Poros, the powerful king of the region
beyond the Hydaspes, was preparing to offer to his advance. The mention of
Taxila as the place whence Alexander's move to meet Poros was begun fur-
nishes an absolutely safe starting-point for his route. The position of Taxila,
the Takshaśilā of early Indian texts, was long ago correctly identified by Sir
Alexander Cunningham with the ruined site of Shāhkī-dherī, between Hassan
Abdal and Rawalpindi, on the North-Western Railway.⁵ Epigraphic finds and
Sir John Marshall's successful excavations have since placed this location beyond
all doubt. Its certainty derives all the more importance for us from Strabo's
mention of Alexander's route from Taxila to the Hydaspes having lain mainly
towards the south, and from Pliny's statement that the distance between Taxila
and the Hydaspes, as measured by Alexander's surveyors, was 120 Roman
miles.⁶
The march thence to the Hydaspes must have taken Alexander across the
Salt Range and the much broken table-land to the north-west of it. In many
places the ground here would place difficulties in the way of a large force ad-
vancing across it. But apart from an incident of uncertain location related by
Polyaenos,⁷ we read of no armed resistance having been met until 'Alexander
encamped on the banks of the river and Poros was seen on the opposite side,
with all his army and his array of elephants around him', as Arrian tells us.⁸
Alexander 'clearly saw that it was impossible for him to cross where Poros
himself encamped near the bank of the Hydaspes'. Other points affording
chances of a passage were also being carefully watched by detachments of the
enemy. No crossing could be attempted at any point if Poros were to move
and oppose it with his elephants, which the horses of the Macedonians un-
accustomed to their sight would not be able to face on landing. So Alexander
resorted to a series of demonstrations along his bank of the river in order
to divert and wear out the enemy's attention, while he was trying to find
a place where it would be possible for him to steal his passage across the
river. Finally the nightly feints made by Alexander's cavalry had their effect,
and Poros ceased to move out of his camp with the elephants to meet such
threats.⁹ But the great physical obstacle presented by the condition of the
river remained. For it was the time after the summer solstice when its waters,
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