| 0013 |
[Figure]
|
General map of the author's journey across Asia. |
| 0016 |
[Photo]
|
A railway station near Ashkhabad. |
| 0017 |
[Photo]
|
A group of Bukharians at Zirabulaq railway station. |
| 0018 |
[Photo]
|
Old cemetery of Tashkent with sacred trees. |
| 0019 |
[Photo]
|
A Sart village at Chirchiq. |
| 0022 |
[Photo]
|
Shahr Dar mosque in Samarkand. |
| 0023 |
[Photo]
|
Friday prayers before Oulouk Bek mosque. |
| 0026 |
[Photo]
|
Horse market at Uzkent with ruins of an old fortress in the background. |
| 0027 |
[Photo]
|
Ruin of a minaret of an old mosque at Uzkent. |
| 0028 |
[Photo]
|
Bazaar street at Osh. |
| 0029 |
[Photo]
|
Arbah with fruit on the bazaar square at Osh. |
| 0030 |
[Photo]
|
Covered arbah at Osh on the river bank. |
| 0031 |
[Photo]
|
Kirghiz family with its yurt on its way north to Qaratay. |
| 0032 |
[Photo]
|
»The Queen of Allai» on horseback. |
| 0033 |
[Photo]
|
Kirghiz family on the move south of Gulcha. |
| 0036 |
[Photo]
|
A corner of the camp at Kök Bulaq just before starting. |
| 0037 |
[Photo]
|
Entrance to the Allai valley. In the background a chain of snow-capped peaks closing the Allai valley from the south. |
| 0040 |
[Photo]
|
Kirghiz racehorses paraded before the races (Allai valley). |
| 0041 |
[Photo]
|
Kirghiz women outside the kibitkas after game and entertainment. |
| 0042 |
[Photo]
|
Kirghiz in a small kibitka village (August 21st), rolling felt between straw mats, later worked up by the women. |
| 0043 |
[Photo]
|
Kirghiz women rolling felt. |
| 0050 |
[Photo]
|
Two old Kirghiz in the camp at Qizil-ui. |
| 0051 |
[Photo]
|
The Chinese Taotai of Kashgar. |
| 0054 |
[Photo]
|
Mosque and graves in the vicinity of Kashgar. |
| 0055 |
[Photo]
|
Entrance to a mosque in the vicinity of Kashgar. |
| 0056 |
[Photo]
|
A group of Sart musicians on the terrace of the author's house at Kashgar. |
| 0057 |
[Photo]
|
The author outside his house in Kashgar. |
| 0058 |
[Photo]
|
Sart musicians in Mr Macartney's garden in Kashgar. Sarts and Indian servants in the background. |
| 0059 |
[Photo]
|
Chinese soldiers practising target shooting. |
| 0060 |
[Photo]
|
Carters under the town wall of Yangi-Shahr. |
| 0061 |
[Photo]
|
A bridge on the road from Yangi-Shahr to Yangi Hissar, about 5 miles south of the former. |
| 0062 |
[Photo]
|
The centre portion of the east wall of Yangi Hissar with moat. |
| 0063 |
[Photo]
|
Chinese huntsman with hunting falcon in the neibourhood of Qizil. |
| 0064 |
[Photo]
|
A clay building in the desert SE of Qizil, erected to enable detachments of Chinese troops to rest. My Cossack Rakhimjanoff, my Chinese interpreter and a Chinese colonel in the foreground. |
| 0065 |
[Photo]
|
A group of Sart women in full dress on their way to a festival in the village of Kurabat between Yangi Hissar and Yarkand. |
| 0068 |
[Photo]
|
Two old men carting millstones. |
| 0069 |
[Photo]
|
A passage in the almshouse of Yarkand. Note the goitre which is characteristic in this locality. |
| 0070 |
[Photo]
|
An inmate of the almshouse at Yarkand with a goitre characteristoc of the local inhabitants. |
| 0071 |
[Photo]
|
My host, a Sart Beg in official dress, in his house at Yarkand. |
| 0074 |
[Photo]
|
Sarts and Chinese imprisoned for various crimes, chained hand and foot to heavy logs and iron bars and with a board round their necks. |
| 0075 |
[Photo]
|
Pyn, the mandarin at Yarkand. |
| 0076 |
[Photo]
|
An old Chinese temple at Yarkand. |
| 0077 |
[Photo]
|
The interior of an old Chinese temple at Yarkand. |
| 0078 |
[Photo]
|
Gamblers in a churchyard at Yarkand. The woman is holding the iron bar, to which her husband is chained. |
| 0079 |
[Photo]
|
A Chinese gambling table one morning outside the principal temple in Yarkand. |
| 0082 |
[Photo]
|
Children outside the school in the yamen of the Fuguan of Yarkand. |
| 0083 |
[Photo]
|
A group of Afgan merchants in Yarkand. |
| 0089 |
[Photo]
|
A beggar in full dress at Guma. |
| 0094 |
[Photo]
|
The mandarin in Khotan. |
| 0095 |
[Photo]
|
Badsuddin Khan, the former Indian aksakal of Khotan. |
| 0101 |
[Figure]
|
KHOTAN
Khotan lies in a plain on the river Qarasu, at least 250 fathoms wide. The river bed is deep and has steep banks. In front of the W gate there is a crowd of buildings, closely packed in front of the gate and in scattered groups further off. In front of N gate is a smaller collection of houses. That part of the dwellings of the Sart population which fills the space between the Sart and Chinese towns, extends to the E wall. - The wall of unbaked bricks. The parapet crenellated and of baked bricks with loopholes, 4 fathoms high. The gates are single without projections to protect them. The centre tower has 4 gates of baked bricks and is 22 feet square. The distance between the towers is 94 feet. The ramparts 8 fathoms wide. The parapet in front of the protected passage outside the ramparts is of clay, in bad condition about 4 fathoms high and without loopholes. The fosse is 12 fathoms wide, deep, badly kept. No open space; trees and scattered houses everywhere. The distance from the N wall to the bend in the ravine about 165 m, from the S wall to the bend of the ravine eastward about 260 m. The intermediate towers are 12 fathoms wide. - In the SW corner of the fortress an infantry in with clay walls. Yamen likewise. Bazaar street from W to E. Water is collected by means of an ariq from the E in a pond near the infantry in. Grain stores about 80,000 poods. - Drawan by the author. |
| 0102 |
[Photo]
|
The Indiaan aksakal of Khotan with Afgan merchants. |
| 0103 |
[Photo]
|
The Tung Ling of Khotan with his two children and some guards. His insignia of office are displayed on the table. The photograph was takes in the Tung Ling's tent during drill in my honour. |
| 0104 |
[Photo]
|
Silk weaving in Khotan. |
| 0105 |
[Photo]
|
Carpet weaving in Khotan. |
| 0108 |
[Photo]
|
On the road from the village of Pujiya to Duwa. |
| 0118 |
[Photo]
|
Bazaar square and mosque in Kashgar. Display of scarp metal, top-boots etc. |
| 0119 |
[Photo]
|
The Shaitai Jang in Kashgar with his two children. |
| 0122 |
[Photo]
|
Chinese cemetery at Kashgar with three large mounds raised over the Chinese and Sarts who fell during the last war. |
| 0123 |
[Photo]
|
Wintry landscape in the immediate neighbourhood of Faizabad. |
| 0126 |
[Photo]
|
A Chinese cavalryman on the way from Maral Bashi to Yangi-Shahr in 10-12 degrees of frost.. |
| 0127 |
[Photo]
|
Pounding grain in a hollowed out tree-trunk in the village of Qara Kichin near Maral Bashi. |
| 0128 |
[Photo]
|
Dressing cotton with a harp in the village of Qara Kichin. |
| 0129 |
[Photo]
|
A woman with her children in a village near Maral Bashi. |
| 0131 |
[Photo]
|
View of Maral Bashi from SE tower. |
| 0132 |
[Photo]
|
The southern gate of Maral Bashi. |
| 0133 |
[Photo]
|
Courtyard of a sarai with animals at Maral Bashi. |
| 0138 |
[Photo]
|
A ruin at the outlet of the Qizil darya from the mountains; from the south-east. |
| 0139 |
[Photo]
|
Ruins at the outlet of the Qizil darya from the mountains; from the north-west. |
| 0142 |
[Photo]
|
A ruin at Kelpin, photographed on the inside from the E corner. |
| 0143 |
[Photo]
|
The bed of the river Terek avat between Kelpin and Uch Turfan. |
| 0144 |
[Photo]
|
Crossing the Belnyng Tupese pass. |
| 0145 |
[Photo]
|
The Qoptchak Aj gorge between Kelpin and Uch Turfan. |
| 0147 |
[Photo]
|
Kirghiz women in thier camp at the foot of Qizil Tagh. |
| 0150 |
[Figure]
|
UCH TURFAN
The North side of the mountain is flanked by a corner of the fortress. West of the mountain there are areas protected against fire owing to the height and steep sides of the mountain. The citadel is connected with the fortress by a broad, zig-zag road and a parapet of clay, crenellated and provided with loopholes. On the north side this parapet extends as far as the citadel, on the south side only halfway. The parapet is placed on the edge of the almost perpendicular mountain. The crenellated wall of the citadel, of caly or brick, forms a slight curve, the centre of which faces east. The side walls are of stone. The citadel has no parapet facing the fortress. There are small buildings of clay at either end of the parapet. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0154 |
[Photo]
|
The Mazar of the Seven Sisters at Uch Turfan. |
| 0155 |
[Photo]
|
The citadel of an old ruined tower W of Uch Turfan. |
| 0164 |
[Photo]
|
Ruins of an octagonal tower built of unbaked bricks, E of Aqyar. |
| 0165 |
[Photo]
|
Ruins of a tower on the northern spur of Patlama tagh, near the bank of the Taushqan darya. |
| 0166 |
[Photo]
|
The Taotai in Aqsu. |
| 0167 |
[Photo]
|
The entrance to the Sart town of Aqsu. |
| 0170 |
[Photo]
|
A plough ready for removal after the day's work. |
| 0171 |
[Photo]
|
Goods being weighed on very primitive scales. |
| 0173 |
[Photo]
|
A ferry on the Aqsu darya. |
| 0176 |
[Photo]
|
The Djentai in Aqsu. |
| 0177 |
[Photo]
|
The Taotai, Djentai, Tifanguan and the author in Aqsu. |
| 0178 |
[Photo]
|
The guard of honour at the Djentai's on the occasion of the author's visit. |
| 0179 |
[Photo]
|
The guard in the Tifanguan's courtyard on the occasion of the Taotai's visit. |
| 0180 |
[Photo]
|
The Djentai in Aqsu firing at a target. |
| 0181 |
[Photo]
|
A group of officers target shooting in Aqsu. |
| 0182 |
[Photo]
|
The Djentai in Aqsu with his wives, children snd servants. |
| 0183 |
[Figure]
|
CHINESE AQSU
The inner dimensions of Chinese Aqsu from wall to wall are about 300 m. No corner towers. The protected area is 28 fathoms wide. The parapet 4 fathoms high. Inner wall of gateway 23, outer wall 20 feet wide at the base. Middle projection about 28 m in width and depth (?). Fosse 4 fathoms wide, 3 feet deep, neglected. The wall of unbaked bricks. 2 clay buildings of about 10 m in length on the ramparts betwween each projection. Inside the wall 2 main streets running approximately from one gate to the other. Government buildings, surrounded by walls close to and just outside the W wall, close to the S and E walls and in the centre of the N half of the town.
The area above the eminence is a barren plateau of löss. Below all the land is tilled, with scattered houses, no large groups of houses excepting the N bazaar. Fields slightly marshy in places. Dulan üstang 5-10 fathoms wide. Impossible to ride across from the middle of May to the middle of July. At other times possible almost everywhere, the depth varying from 0.40 to 0.80 m. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0184 |
[Photo]
|
The Djentai's family target shooting. |
| 0185 |
[Photo]
|
A shepherd boy with his flock of sheep between Avat and Qizil bulaq. |
| 0188 |
[Photo]
|
View of the valley of the river Muzart from the south. |
| 0189 |
[Photo]
|
Start from the village of Yangi Mähällä, 30th March 1907. |
| 0192 |
[Photo]
|
Mountains W of the river Muzart between Yangi Mähällä and Kailik. |
| 0193 |
[Photo]
|
The valley of the Muzart between Kailik and Tamga-tash. Taken from the N against the sun. |
| 0194 |
[Photo]
|
Glacier at the N end of the Muzart valley and the Tamga-tash sarai. |
| 0195 |
[Photo]
|
A rest during the ascent to Muzart bashi. |
| 0196 |
[Photo]
|
Reloading the caravan before ascending the ice stairway. |
| 0197 |
[Photo]
|
The caravan climbing the ice stairway. |
| 0198 |
[Photo]
|
On the Muzart glacier. |
| 0199 |
[Photo]
|
The valley of the river Togra-su and the Arghyal tagh moountains. |
| 0200 |
[Photo]
|
The valley of the Togra-su at Khan Jailik. |
| 0201 |
[Photo]
|
The valley of the Togra-su from the north. |
| 0202 |
[Photo]
|
The valley of the river Shatå Musur su from the east. |
| 0203 |
[Photo]
|
The caravan in the Palas Qaragai valley. |
| 0208 |
[Photo]
|
The sarai at Gilam. |
| 0209 |
[Photo]
|
Crossing the Tekes. |
| 0210 |
[Photo]
|
Interior of the main temple of Kura. |
| 0211 |
[Photo]
|
Interior of the main temple of Kura. |
| 0212 |
[Photo]
|
Shell used as a wind instrument at Buddhist religiou ceremonies and by itinerant beggars. |
| 0213 |
[Photo]
|
The Superior of the Kura lamasery and some of the boys being trained as lamas. |
| 0216 |
[Photo]
|
Three lamas at the Kura lamasery. |
| 0217 |
[Photo]
|
Tarantchi children in the village of Kan. |
| 0218 |
[Photo]
|
The horses of the caravan swimming across the Ili. |
| 0219 |
[Photo]
|
Crossing the river Ili on a ferry. |
| 0220 |
[Photo]
|
Two Sibo women, 30 years of age. |
| 0221 |
[Photo]
|
Two old Sibo men (Manchurian warriors). |
| 0222 |
[Photo]
|
Entrance to the temple Vanshukung at Khui-yu an-tchen. |
| 0223 |
[Photo]
|
Four Kirghiz at Khui-yu-an-tchen. |
| 0224 |
[Photo]
|
The centre tower (Kulo tower, under which two main streets cross) at Khui-yu-an-tchen. |
| 0225 |
[Photo]
|
The second courtyard in the residence of the Dzian Dziun at Suitin. |
| 0226 |
[Photo]
|
Interior of the residence of the Dzian Dziun at Suitin. |
| 0227 |
[Photo]
|
Mural paintings in a temple at Suitin. |
| 0228 |
[Photo]
t |
Clay vessel discovered during excavations in the village of Turpan, 10 miles NE of Qulja. |
| 0228 |
[Figure]
b |
no caption |
| 0229 |
[Photo]
|
Inj din sy ruins near the village of Kainak, S of Qulja. Easternmost building of the ruins. |
| 0230 |
[Photo]
|
Bazaar street in Qulja. |
| 0231 |
[Photo]
|
On the way to Tchaptchal dawan. |
| 0234 |
[Photo]
|
The Tchaptchal pass. |
| 0235 |
[Photo]
|
Water mill between Kura and Bugra. |
| 0236 |
[Photo]
|
Interior of the Kura lamasery with lamas officiating. |
| 0237 |
[Photo]
|
Nasumbatoff in uniform, supported by 4 Kalmuk soldiers. |
| 0238 |
[Photo]
|
Nasumbatoff's wife, sons, and daughters. |
| 0239 |
[Photo]
|
My yigit, a Kalmuk of the Surgan summun, mounted. |
| 0240 |
[Photo]
|
An eagle trained for hunting, placed as a guard of honour outside my yurt in the Kirghiz camp on May 13th. |
| 0241 |
[Photo]
|
Kirghiz women at work. |
| 0242 |
[Photo]
|
Two Kirghiz women of quality in front of a stand, on which wood is dried. |
| 0243 |
[Photo]
|
A block of stone with a human face at the outlet of the river Aghias from the mountains, on the left slope of the river bank. |
| 0244 |
[Photo]
|
Numgan riding across the river Aghias. |
| 0245 |
[Photo]
|
Stone with inscriptions at Ketsu-su. |
| 0253 |
[Photo]
|
The ascent from the valley of the Aghias. |
| 0254 |
[Photo]
|
The arrival of Nasumbatoff and his troops at my camp. |
| 0255 |
[Photo]
|
Kalmuk soldiers in my camp. |
| 0256 |
[Photo]
|
A Kalmuk dance. |
| 0257 |
[Photo]
|
Two Kirghiz musicians. |
| 0258 |
[Photo]
|
Kalmuks bathing before being anthropologically measured. |
| 0259 |
[Photo]
|
Old Kalmuk, Surgan summun. |
| 0262 |
[Photo]
|
Kirghiz horses grazing near the river Tekes. |
| 0263 |
[Photo]
|
Kirghiz women offering refreshments. |
| 0265 |
[Figure]
tc |
no caption |
| 0265 |
[Figure]
bc |
no caption |
| 0266 |
[Figure]
t |
no caption |
| 0266 |
[Figure]
c |
no caption |
| 0268 |
[Photo]
|
Two Kalmuk women (Durban summun) and a baby with its head fixed to a board. Little Dshirgalan. |
| 0269 |
[Photo]
|
The bridge across the Great Dshirgalan. |
| 0273 |
[Photo]
|
A Khirghiz bride with her dowry. |
| 0276 |
[Photo]
|
The mother of the Khan of the Torguts at Yulduz in her yurt. |
| 0277 |
[Photo]
|
The mother of the Khan of the Torguts at Yulduz in her yurt. |
| 0279 |
[Photo]
|
The oldest lama of the Torguts in his yurt. |
| 0296 |
[Figure]
|
QARASHAHR
Qarashahr lies in an open plain exposed on all sides except the S and SW, where the Sart bazaar adjoins it and S of which the Khaidyk gol flows. The wall is 500 paces along each front, of unbaked bricks, about 3 1/2 fathoms high with a crenellated parapet. The projections at the corners and in the middle of the walls are slight and have buildings on the ramparts. 3 gates to the S, E and N are used; the W gate is closed. Gate projection of baked bricks, 12 yds at the base. Only a single wooden door bound with iron. No fosse and no protected area outside the wall. Inside, a street with houses at intervals; in the NW corner the mandarin's yamen; the infantry ljanza close to the E gate. Many empty spaces. - All the single houses outside are inconsiderable and surrounded by groves of trees. With the exception of them the ground is level and intersected by ariqs, deep and with embankments. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0298 |
[Figure]
|
no caption |
| 0299 |
[Photo]
|
A ruin south of Qarashahr. |
| 0301 |
[Figure]
|
no caption |
| 0306 |
[Figure]
|
TOQSUN
Toqsun is open to the N. In the W and E it is adjoined by bands of closely scattered single houses, in the shadow of clumps of trees. The wall is 3 fathoms and the parapet 1 fathom high. The latter is not crenellated, but has loopholes. Two projections protected the gates. The one to the E is walled up. The other projections are insignificant. The wall is of unbaked bricks and neglected. No rampart, nor any protected space. Inside the wall several insignificant clay walls to divide different detachments. - Drawn by the author |
| 0309 |
[Photo]
|
A Chinese memorial stone with inscriptions near Pai-yang-ho sarai. |
| 0312 |
[Figure]
|
Plan of Urumchi, drawn by the author |
| 0316 |
[Photo]
|
The Njetai at Urmuchi. |
| 0317 |
[Photo]
|
The Djifu Wang and a less important mandarin at Urumchi. |
| 0320 |
[Photo]
|
The Fantai and Njetai arriving in litters to call on the author at Urmchi. |
| 0321 |
[Photo]
|
Prince Lanj at his writing-table at Urumchi. |
| 0322 |
[Photo]
|
Prince Lanj in his gardene at Urumchi. |
| 0323 |
[Photo]
|
The mint and its staff at Urumchi. |
| 0325 |
[Photo]
|
The elder son of the Njetai at Urumchi. |
| 0337 |
[Photo]
|
View of the village of Lavtai, destroyed during the Dungan revolt. |
| 0338 |
[Photo]
t |
Temple with lions and incense burner of cast-lion near the southern gate at Tsimusa. |
| 0338 |
[Figure]
b |
no caption |
| 0339 |
[Photo]
|
Old carved stone in the courtyard of the temple I tchiän fu tung miao, SW of Tsimusa. |
| 0343 |
[Photo]
|
GUCHEN or KUCHENG
Kucheng lies in an open plain with practically no trees houses. The wall is slightly screened by the suburb Siguam in the W. In the N and E a few houses near the wall. In the S the ruins of a fortress rampart. In the N thin clumps of trees are visible at a distance. The town wall is neglected, 3 1/2 fathoms high, including the parapet. there are ramparts forming two levels. The gates have no external protection and a slightly semicircular inner protective wall. The gates are of wood with small iron fittings. No protected ground outside the wall. A fosse, about 2 1/2-3 fathoms wide and 1 1/2-2 fathoms deep, is lacking in some places. The wall is of clay. A small impanj outside the E gate. The N and W parts of the space inside the wall densely populated. In the S there are some empty spaces. The mandarin's yamen close to the E gate. Near the S gate a small impanj surrounded by comparatively open spaces. - The manchurian town forms inside the SW corner. Its area is densely populated. The wall, including the parapet, is 3 1/2 fathoms high, of clay except the archway which is of baked bricks. Gates of wood with iron fittings. Width of the wall 25 yards at the gates. Both wall and fosse badly neglected. There is a protected space, 3 1/2-4 fathoms wide, with a crenellated parapet, 1 fathom high, in the E and S alongt he wall. In the S this has half tumbled down. The gates have protecting projections. The fosse is flanked by these and the corner projections and partly by the projections between the gate and the corner. The stores of arms and of powder in the commander's quarters marked by a X. there is a commanding tower in the centre of the town and some smaller ones above the gates and at the corners. The fosse is 2 1/2-3 fathoms wide and about 2 fathoms deep. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0346 |
[Photo]
|
The Tchengje Fang, commander of a tchi, surrounded by his men at Kucheng. |
| 0347 |
[Photo]
|
A group of Sarts on the primitive balcony of the author's host at Kucheng. |
| 0352 |
[Figure]
|
no caption |
| 0357 |
[Figure]
|
TURFAN
Turfan lies in an open, tilled plain. N of the village of Bagra there is a small chain of mountains coming from the E at a distance of 1 1/2-2 miles. SW of the village of Yar smaller mountains from the W at about the same distance. Otherwise the ground is level. There are no marshy places except fields that were recently submerged. Some streams and ariqs intersect the ground, but none are of any great importance. There are no villages, but some areas with scattered houses and a group of houses here and there are given the name of villages. From the village of Seidykhan mazar to the village of Lözium there is a fold in the ground, the S part of which becomes a ravine-like hollow. A stream or river with a great deal of water flows at the bottom of it and on either side there is a like of houses, surrounded by many shady trees. A ravine-like small fold in the ground near Minar metchet and a larger group of houses at the village of Bagra. The high tower of Minar metchet is an excellent landmark. Gaolyan is common in the fields. - The Sart town is surrounded by a poor, neglected wall, 2 1/2 fathoms high, with projections and a well preserved fosse, 2 fathoms wide and equally deep. - The wall of the Chinese town is in good condition, 3 1/2 fathoms high and 19 yds wide in the archway. 3 gates to the W, S and E with semicircular projections of the same height as the well. The inner archway is of baked bricks, the gates of rough timber with iron fittings. Square tower with embrasures for guns are placed on the ramparts behind the crenellated parapet. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0360 |
[Photo]
|
A drummer giving the signal for a monoeuvre at Turfan. |
| 0361 |
[Photo]
|
Monoeuvres at Turfan. The battalion performing a march in two winding rows. |
| 0362 |
[Photo]
|
Monoeuvres at Turfan. Rifle fire. |
| 0363 |
[Photo]
|
Monoeuvres at Turfan. Fencing between N. C. O's, bearing standards, who run forward from the ranks. |
| 0364 |
[Photo]
|
Ahror Khan, the Russian aksakal at Turfan, with servants and Sart visitors. |
| 0365 |
[Photo]
|
The tall tower of Minar metchet near the ruined town of Eski Turpan. |
| 0366 |
[Photo]
|
The Appag Khoja mosque near Turfan. |
| 0371 |
[Photo]
t |
Two young Sart women. |
| 0371 |
[Figure]
c |
no caption |
| 0379 |
[Photo]
|
Camels grazing on the shore of Lake Barkul. |
| 0380 |
[Photo]
|
A temple just outside the southern gate of Barkul. The Tian Shan mountains in the background. |
| 0381 |
[Figure]
|
BARKUL
Barkul is built on the steeply dipping N slope of the Tian Shan mountains. The Chinese town is dominated by the ground in the S, SW and SE. The wall is neglected, 3 1/2 fathoms high and has a crenellated parapet. There is a fosse only in front of the W part. No outer protected space. The fosse is only flanked by the gate projections. The corner and wall projections are small. The N wall forms a very irregular line and is entirely pilapidated in parts. There are loopholes in the parapet, but no embrasures for guns. Gates of rough timber with iron fittings. In the gateway the wall is 18 paces. Above the 4 gates turret-shaped pagodas of wood. A similar tower on a stone foundation in the middle of the town. Barracks ssurrounded by small crenellated walls in the SW corner and in the middle of its SE part. A wide, uninhabited space extends along the N and W walls. There is a narrower, open space along the S wall. The ground is entirely exposed without either buildings or trees, except those marked on the map, as far as you can see. The only irregularities are small burial mounds, about 1 m at the base and 0.3 m in height, adjoining in the W, N and especially in the E. - The Manchurian fortress is abandoned and going to ruin. Its W has partly fallen to pieces. The others are in bad condition. In the space inside the wall there are only 3 temples in the way of buildings and a group of buildings surrounded by a wall near the middle of the S wall. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0390 |
[Photo]
|
The Djentai and Hsietai with their guest drinking tea on the veranda of the drill-ground pavilion at Hami. |
| 0391 |
[Photo]
|
Officers of the Hami garrison. In the centre the Djentai of Barkul and the Hsietai. |
| 0392 |
[Figure]
|
HAMI
Hami consists of 3 towns. Sincheng surrounded by quite a small, neglected wall with two gateways without gates. In the N, E and S it is enclosed by a large suburb, the houses of which come up to the very wall. The W wall facing the river valley is free and has a small annexe, in which there are a couple of Government buildings. The suburb ends in the N in an abandoned small impanj, the wall of which is partly in ruins. A small impanj, occupied by a cavalry tchi, stands W of the river valley. A small buildings, surrounded by a crenellated wall, is visible in a clump of trees to the NNW. NW of the cavarly impanj there are the remains of a fortress wall, the southern part of which has fallen to pieces. - Laocheng, the actual town, is surrounded by the a wall, 3 1/2 fathoms high, which a crenellated parapet and a fosse, about 2 1/2 fathoms wide and 1-1 1/3 fathoms deep, which is flanked by the gate projections and partly by other wall projections. Covered clay buildings, 2 between the wall projections, 3 between the corners and gate projections and 1 on each wall projection, all with a gun embrasure facing outwards, are built on the ramparts. Above the gates the usual towers of wooden lattice-work. The wall is of unbaked bricks and in good preservation. The gates are of logs with iron fittings, enclosed in arches of baked bricks. In the arch-way from gate to gate 44 paces. The N and S walls of the fortress are 680 paces in length, the E and W walls 620. Infantry barracks in the NE corner. The yamen of the district near the W gate. The bazaar street joins the NW corner from the W. The N wall is adjoined at a short distance by a not quite connected group of houses. W of the SW corner a few single houses. SW of it a small space surrounded by a massive, high, crenellated wall. Communications in the town are good. - Huicheng, the Sart town, is surrounded by a wall of irregular height and shape with innumerable wall projections. The greatest height near the yamen of the Prince is about 9 fathoms, in other places 3-4. It has a crenellated parapet, but the ramparts appeared to be narrow and I saw no ascents. The space inside the wall is densely populated and communications are difficult. In the WNW a large group of buildings containing the mausoleums of the princes. - the ground is a level, tilled plain with single houses, small groups of trees and single trees. In the W and N the desert begins at a distance of 1-1 1/3 mile from Laocheng. The rivers on either side of the fortress flow in small gullies which do not provide cover. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0397 |
[Photo]
|
A courtyard with wool stores belonging to a Russian trading company at Urmchi. In the foreground, two Tartars who manage the branch at Hami. |
| 0407 |
[Figure]
|
ANSI
Ansi is surrounded by a wall, 3 1/2 fathoms high, with a crenellated parapet. The parts of the wall, in which the inner gates are enclosed, and the outer archways are of baked bricks, the rest of the wall of unbaked bricks and very dilapidated. Sand dunes extend up to the parapet of the E wall. The fosse has disappeared in places. It is only flanked by the gate projections; the other wall projections are insignificant. Outer archway 16, gate projection 36 and inner archway 26 paces in depth. The space inside the wall is uninhabited excepting the centre and a street running from the E to the W gate. The surrounding ground is covered with grass. There is a ledge in the N, S of and parallel to the river Su-lo Ho. S and SW of the town wall an ariq, lying high. In the S well-preserved massive walls of an abandoned town. The houses in the vicinity quite small. In the E there are practically none. In a W and slightly WSW direction there is a row of single houses and comparatively numerous trees, running from the town about 2/3 of a mile wide. They continue uninterruptedly for 14-16 miles. - The Su-lo Ho is swollen in the spring and is said to be over 3 m deep for 3-5 days at a stretch. At other times it is easy to wade or ride across. There are no materials for building bridges except in the tree-covered area referred to. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0414 |
[Photo]
t |
Ruin W of Tun-huang. |
| 0414 |
[Photo]
c |
no caption |
| 0416 |
[Figure]
|
TUN-HUANG.
Tun-huang consists of 2 fortresses. The outer one - a wall, 3 1/2 fathoms high, of unbaked bricks with a crenellated parapet. Outside the wall a protected space, about 3 fathoms wide, with a crenellated parapet, 1 fathom high, which has fallen to pieces in places. There was a fosse, but it is now missing in some places. The gates in the arches of baked bricks, single, built into ordinary wall projections. In front of them the parapet of the protected space is raised and an outer gate has been built in it. The wall projections are small, do not flank the fosse, the corner projections likewise. On the ramparts in all the wall projections there is 1 and between them 1, sometimes 2, small tower-shaped clay buildings rising 1 fathom above the parapet and provided with loopholes towards the plain and the ramparts. The space inside the wall is densely populated with the exception of the S wall and the southern part of the E and W walls, along which there is a large, open strip of ground. N a building containing the large Government grain stores. - The inner fortress - a similar wall, of which the crenellated parapet, archway and parts of the wall, in which the inner gates are built, are of baked bricks. The gates are protected by wall projections, 14 yds from gate to gate. The outer gate is 10, the inner one 18 yds deep. On the ramparts above the gates there are pagodas of wooden lattice-work, in the corner and wall projections small clay buildings with loopholes. A fosse and external protected space only outside the walls facing the plain. The buildings of the outer town come up to the foot of the walls that face E and N. Unlike the very dilapidated wall of the outer town, the inner fortress is comparatively well preserved.
The ground is a plain with tilled fields often lying at different levels and intersected by many ariqs, sometimes high-lying, single houses, trees and small clumps of trees, clay walls and burial mounds. In the S and SE the ground is more masked and shaded. The W bank of the river possesses the same character, but commands the E bank slightly. During the summer the ground must be fairly shaded. The river can be waded. 50-60 fathoms wide, firm bottom, swift current, water up to the horse's knees. So much water is said to be drained into the ariqs during the period of high water that the river can be ridden across even them. The ground is intersected by many roads, often sunk deep. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0418 |
[Photo]
|
Mural paintings in a temple at Tun-huang, representing various subjects with red-bearded and hairy Linguanje or Lin laoje as the leading actor and carried out at the time the temple was built in the 9th year of the reign of the Emperor Kienlung. |
| 0419 |
[Photo]
|
Mural paintings in the same temple at Tun-huang as in the last illustration. |
| 0431 |
[Photo]
|
View of the entrance gate to Chia-yu-kuan from the SW. |
| 0432 |
[Figure]
|
CHIA-YU-KUAN
Chia-yu-kuan is built on the E edge a terrace-shaped gravel hill, a mile or two wide, intersected by several clefts (the largest of which is indicated) in a NE and ENE direction. A couple of small hills, slightly commanding the terrace, lie due W of the fortress at a distance of 2/3-1 mile. A large plain extends in the E, intersected close to the fortress by several branches of a small river. It penetrates in the form of a wedge, about 2/3 of a mile in width, between the hill, on which the fortress stands, and a similar one to the S. There are a few single houses and some trees along the branches of the river. The teracce-shaped hill is separated from hills further W by a gully, a mile or two in width, running in a S-N direction. - The fortress is surrounded by a wall, 7 fathoms high, with a crenellated parapet. This, the gateway, in which the inner gate is enclosed, and the archway of the outer gate are of baked bricks. Gates W and E. Above the gate projections there are towered pagodas of wood, on the corner projectionns clay towers, 2 fathoms high, with 4 gun embrasures each facing the plain and the ramparts. The space inside the wall is densely populated. A yamen in the middle of the N half. The Great Chinese Wall encloses the fortress on the W at a distance of 3-4 fathoms. This part of the wall is of baked bricks, 7 fathoms high, with a massive projection, 34 yds deep, into which the gate is built without any external projection, and two smaller corner projections, crowned by clay pagodas, without gun embrasures. The ramparts behind the crenellated parapet of the wall are 2 fathoms in width and connected by a bridge of boards with the ramparts of the fortress. The outer archway of the fortress is 10, the gate projection in the wall 22 and the inner gateway 34 paces deep. A neglected fosse passes in front of the latter part of the outer wall. The walls are in excellent condition. From the corner projection of the outer wall a lower, neglected clay wall without any ramparts runs round the fortress and the suburb in the E. The Great Chinese Wall starts from it, a couple of fathoms in height, neglected, without any parapet or ramparts. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0435 |
[Figure]
|
SUCHOW
Suchow. Wall 7-8 fathoms high of baked bricks with a crenellated parapet and many wall projections, of which only those protecting the gates are of any size. No outer protected space. Fosse practically filled up. Small towers only on the E corner projections. Over gate 12 yds, gate projection in depth 20 yds and inner gate 40 yds. Small groups of houses in the N and S near the gates; in the E a fairly large suburb surrounded by a neglected wall of clay or unbaked bricks, 3 1/2-4 fathoms high. The space inside the wall fairly regularly intersected by streets. The westernmost part is partly uninhabited, partly occupied by large temple buildings. The yamens of the Djentai and Taotai are in the SE corner, the Tsouguan's in the centre of the N part of the town. - The land in the W, S and SSE consists of tilled fields at various levels, intersected by a great many small ariqs and strewn with thin trees and scattered houses. The houses are most numerous in the W and the ground is slightly higher, in the N it is practically entirely open. The bed of the Pei-ta-ho, covered with gravel and 2/3 of a mile wide, lies there and the ground slopes towards it almost imperceptibly. N of the river bed it rises slightly and forms a steep incline in some places. In the E and SE the ground is also very open and low, in the S it rises very slightly. A ravine-like incline, up to 2 fathoms in height, runs close to the fortress in the W, S and E. The roads in the W and partly in the E are deeply sunken in the ground. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0445 |
[Figure]
|
CHINTA.
The wall of Chinta is about 5 fathoms high, including the parapet. Ramparts narrow. Wall projections quite insignificant. Only the gate facing N is protected by a wall projection, 20-25 yds deep. Outer archway 11 yds, inner one 17 yds deep. In the SE corner there is a small secret gate facing E. Fosse small - lacking in some places. Wall rather neglected. Only the archways of baked bricks. Above the gates and on the SE corner pagodas of wooden lattice-work. - The space inside the wall is densely populated and has winding, narrow streets. The Hsietai's yamen and possibly stores of arms in the centre of the N half of the town. the Tinguan's yamen in the centre of the town. - The town lies in a level plain commanded on all sides by the walls of the fortress. The land is tilled and densely populated in the NNE, NE, E, SE and S. Ariqs, clay walls, various irregularities, houses and trees. In the NW, W and SW, however, there is an uninhabited open plain, about 1 1/3 mile wide. A row of houses and sparse trees runs E of it from N to S. All the roads good and ariqs of slight depth. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0448 |
[Photo]
|
Interior of Vu liang miao at Chinta. |
| 0463 |
[Photo]
|
Ma Titai at Kanchow. |
| 0468 |
[Photo]
|
Shera Yögur woman, aged 24. |
| 0469 |
[Photo]
|
The 24-year old Shera Yögur woman with her son. |
| 0472 |
[Photo]
|
A Shera Yögur woman. |
| 0473 |
[Photo]
|
A Shera Yögur woman nursing her child. |
| 0475 |
[Photo]
|
A Shera Yögur woman weaving. |
| 0479 |
[Photo]
|
A 7-years old yak cow belonging to the Shera Yögurs. |
| 0483 |
[Photo]
|
The sleeping Buddha with some gods above him and the standing god Tiu tcho niang niang in the oldest temple of Kanchow. |
| 0484 |
[Figure]
|
KANCHOW
Kanchow is surroounded by a wall of baked bricks, 6 fathoms high, with a crenellated parapet. The gates are protected by large wall projections. The other wall projections are of no considerable size. Small tower-shaped buildings of clay are placed on all of them. The gates to the W and S are protected by a double wall projection. The outer archway is 16 yds deep; from it to the middle archway 120 yds; the latter is 20 yds deep. From the middle gate to the inner one 50 yds and the depth of the inner archway is 40 yds. The walls are well preserved; gates of massive timber with iron fittings. Outside the wall the ruins of the parapet of a protected space are visible in some places. No fosse, but branches of the Ch'ih ho flow round the town. Impassable morasses, 15-20 fathoms in width in some places, have formed in the N, partly in the S and especially in the E. Outside the town there is an open plain, 1 1/2-2 miles wide, both in the N and E, untilled and uninhabited, with large deposits of salt. In the NW and W there is a tilled area with many scattered houses and a few trees. A similar one in the S, but lying considerably lower. - An old, well preserved wall, 3-3 1/2 fathoms high, enclosing a small space, runs S of the wall of the SW corner. Outside the W, S and E gates and a short distance from the N gate there are small groups of houses. SE of the SE corner another group of houses of some importance. - The space inside the wall is divided into four equal parts by two densely populated main streets that cross under a kulo tower. The other 8 streets run, frequently with large gaps, more or less regularly in the direction indicated on the plan. The NE corner of the space and the ground next to the N and E walls is occupied by large ponds surrounded by a large swamp. The Tidu's yamen and telegraph station in the NW part of the town. In the SW corner the pu and matui impanjes and groups of buildings - Drawn by the author. |
| 0496 |
[Figure]
|
LIANCHOW
Lianchow is surrounded by a wall, 6-7 fathoms high, of baked bricks, provided with a crenellaed parapet. Outside the wall tehre is a space, 3 fathoms wide, protected by a dilapidated clay wall, 1 1/2-2 fathoms high. The fosse that encloses the protected space is 4 fathoms wide and 1 1/2-2 fathoms deep. The 4 gates of the town are protected by rectangular wall projections of about 80 x 100 paces. Exceptiong a circular and 2 semicircular projections in the N wall and a semicircular one in the S wall, the other wall projections are of no great size and do not flank the fosse. The three semicircular projections are of about the same size as the gate projection. The round one forms a portion projecting about 40 yds from the wall about 75 yds in diameter. It is crowned by a clay tower with 3 gun embrasures of not particularly solid construction, in size about 7 fathoms in two storeys. The NE corner of the wall is situated on a rise in the ground. The archways are of approximately the same size as at Kanchow. Outside the gates another gate is built into the wall of the protected space, which is 3 fathoms high here, so that the number of entrance gates is increased to 3. In the E there is a town quarter »Tung-kuan», surrounded by a separate, neglected wall, about 3 fathoms high. Small suburbs have sprung up outside the N and S sliding gates; outside the W gate there are only a couple of groups of temples. The space inside the wall is densely populatedd, but fairly regularly intersected by comparatively straight streets. The yamens of the Djentai and Taotai are in the centre of either half of the town. The pagpdas over the entrance gates, the tower over the circular wall and especially 2 column-shaped towers with tall temple towers near the NE corner are good landmarks. The centre of the town is indicated by 4 old wooden gates facing the four points of the compass. In the W, NW, S and SE there is a desolate and large, bare cemetery - a stony plain thickly strewn with small conical burial mounds. In the W it is 1 1/2-2 miles wide and is intersected in places by dry waterchannels lying at a depth of about a fathom. In the S it occupies a strip of ground about 2/3 of a mile in width, beyond which a strip of land, strewn with houses surrounded by trees, leads to a broad, dry river bed of gravel, which encloses the town from the E in a large semicircle, separating it from the Manchurian fortress. In the NW an impanj with the mobile garrison of the town. The land in the N is densely populated. A deeplying, ravine-like hollow with a small waterchannel leads to the NE corner. Between it and the river a line of trees and gardens extending to the N wall of Tung-kuan. Flat ground in the E and SE. - The wall of the Manchurian fortress is 5 fathoms high, of baked bricks. Wooden pagodas on gates and corners. On the middle wall projection small clay turrets, on the others small clay houses. No external protected space. Fosse 3 fathoms deep and 1 fathom wide - missing in some places. The wall projections are insignificant. Outer gate 15, inner gate 32 yds and from gate to gate 40 yds. Outside the wall flat ground, tilled, and densely populated in the E, NE and NW, but with few trees. Less populated in the SE. In the W a river bed of gravel with a ledge a couple of fathoms in depth. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0497 |
[Photo]
|
The stone in the temple at Lianchow with an inscription in the Sisia language. |
| 0498 |
[Photo]
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Manchurian soldiers marching at Lianchow. |
| 0499 |
[Photo]
|
Manchurian troops drilling at Lianchow. |
| 0500 |
[Photo]
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Fy darin, the commander of the Manchurian garrison at Lianchow. |
| 0501 |
[Photo]
|
Two elderly »Sielings» in Full dress at Lianchow. |
| 0502 |
[Photo]
|
The churchh at Shungshu Chuan with the Rev. Selosso on the steps. |
| 0503 |
[Photo]
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The building »La Province» at Shungshu Chuan with Bishop Otto and two missionaries in the foreground. |
| 0504 |
[Photo]
|
Street life in Lianchow. |
| 0505 |
[Photo]
|
Newly recruited troops during a half in the courtyard of a sarai at Kulang. |
| 0509 |
[Photo]
|
View to the north from the summit of the U shao ling pass. |
| 0510 |
[Figure]
|
no caption |
| 0515 |
[Figure]
|
A drawing of Lanchow ordered by the author and drawn in Chinese ink by a trained designer on the spot. |
| 0518 |
[Figure]
|
LANCHOW
Lanchow lies in the valley of the Hwang-ho, closely hemmed in between hills and mountains. In the N mountains come up to it, dipping steeply into the bed of the river opposite thee town. A suburb, about 2/3 of a mile long, has been built on their lowest slope, the houses standing in two rows on either side of the road from Ping fan. At its E end, at the foot of the mountains which are lower here and much less steep, there is a smaller suburb surrounded by a clay wall of insignificant dimensions. In the W, however, the suburb is bounded by a spur of the mountains falling almost perpendicularly into the river. A gate as wide as an arbah has been cut in it - the only ingress into Lanchow from the W on this side of the river. Further E the mountains withdraw from the river, the flat, sandy bank of which forms an open space of 1/3 to 2/3 of a mile in width here. A narrow cleft with steep mountain sides divides the suburb in two. In the E a tilled, flat valley extends, 1-2 miles wide. Close to its NE corner there is a group of impanjes, surrounded by crenellated clay walls. A few single houses, usually surrounded by a few trees, stand further off. The whole of the SE part of the valley is occupied by a cemetery, several miles in length and extending to the foot of the mountains in the S. In the S there are scattered houses on the ground between the town and the mountains from the height of the military school and further W they are built closer and closer to each other until they completely fill the narrow strip of land between the wall and the spur of rock in the SW. Four square towers of brick have been built on the nearest hill. Their size is about 8 fathoms in width and length, 10 fathoms in height, and they are provided with a crenellated parapet and a gun embrasure on each side. The very dilapidated clay wall of the Manchurian town is 3 1/2-4 fathoms high and provided with a crenellated parapet of brick. The E gate is open, the others being walled up. 2 deep clefts come up to the N and W walls of the fortress. The space between the river and the löss hills is well tilled, inhabited and covered with fruit-trees. The road from Ping fan via Sin-cheng follows this bank of the river.
The inner town is densely populated and intersected by many streets and lanes. It is surrounded by a mighty wall of baked bricks which reaches a height of 10 fathoms on the river side. The other sides are slightly lower. The wall and corner projections are inconsiderable. The gate projections are of the usual size. The E gate is protected by two walls, of which the inner wall slightly dominates the outer one. The usual large wooden pagodas over the gates; small clay buildings on the other wall projections, except towards the river. A fosse, 6-7 fathoms wide, with flowing water, runs outside the town, except on the river side. In front of the gates the fosse has been led underground and in other places it is screened by rows of closely built houses. The outer town is enclosed by a wall of beaten clay, 4 1/2-5 fathoms high and provided with a crenellated parapet of brick. Its NW part forms a separate fortress enclosed by a similar wall enveloped by the outer town. The few wall projections are insignificant. The gates have no outer protection. The W, S and both E gates are crowned by brick towers with gun embrasures in 4 storeys, 6 in each row on the sides facing the town and outward and 2 in the two others. See illustration. The S and the southern of the two gates facing E also support similar towers on their corner projections, but with gun embrasures in two storeys, 2 in a row on each of the 4 sides. The space inside the wall is densely populated and has good communications. There are suburbs of small size outside the gates, except those outside the SW and W gates, which form a connected mass which entirely encloses the SW corner and W side of the town. Quite close to the wall there is a fosse, about 3 fathoms wide and about 2 fathoms deep. It deos not, however, enclose the separate NW part of te towm. - Drawn by the author. |
| 0522 |
[Photo]
|
New Year celebrations outside the town gate of Lanchow. |
| 0523 |
[Photo]
|
A procession carrying an image during the Year celebrations outside the town gate of Lanchow. |
| 0524 |
[Photo]
|
The armour of the Viceroy of Kan su from the time of the Emperor Ming. |
| 0525 |
[Photo]
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The armour of a general from the time of the Emperor Ming. |
| 0530 |
[Photo]
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Three beautiflul antique Chinese bronzes from Lanchow. |
| 0531 |
[Photo]
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Antique Chinese bronze mirror from Lanchow. |
| 0534 |
[Photo]
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Printing works of the town paper at Lanchow and staff. |
| 0535 |
[Photo]
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Main street of Lanchow. |
| 0539 |
[Photo]
|
Dinner in Tsuo gung pao's temple at Lanchow. In front the Viceroy Shen, on the left Splingerdt, van Dijk, the Njetai, the works manager, the sub-prefect, Coutellier and Goldmann: on the right the author, Geerst, the representative of the Minister of Public Worship and Instruction, the commander of the garrison, Scalier and Thasbart. |
| 0541 |
[Photo]
|
Towers on the S outer gate of Lanchow. |
| 0549 |
[Photo]
|
Dungans from the village of Sonanpa. |
| 0551 |
[Photo]
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A 26-year old Dungan from Hochow. |
| 0553 |
[Photo]
|
Ku, the 62-year old Dungan Mullah at Hochow. |
| 0556 |
[Photo]
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Brass case containing paintings of Buddha etc., worn round the neck. From the Hochow-Labrang section. |
| 0557 |
[Photo]
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Painting of Buddha in metal frame, worn on the breast. From the Hochow-Labrang section. |
| 0558 |
[Photo]
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Young Tibetan women at work in the village of Vangathan, about 70 li N of Labrang. |
| 0559 |
[Photo]
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A stone with carved images of Buddhaa near the village of Vangathan. |
| 0560 |
[Figure]
|
no caption |
| 0563 |
[Photo]
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The »Gegen» or incarnate Buddha in the lamasery at Shaku sy. |
| 0564 |
[Photo]
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View of Labrang from the opposite bank of the river. |
| 0565 |
[Photo]
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Suburgan tower at Labrang. |
| 0566 |
[Photo]
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26-year old lama at Labrang. |
| 0567 |
[Photo]
|
The 26-year old lama in profile. |
| 0569 |
[Photo]
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The Matsua sy temple at Labrang, from the east. |
| 0570 |
[Photo]
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Tanguts in the yard of the sarai at Labrang. |
| 0571 |
[Photo]
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Tanguts in the yard of the sarai at Labrang. |
| 0572 |
[Photo]
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Beautifully worked praying drum, fastened to a pole, carried by a rider while travelling on horseback. From Labrang. |
| 0573 |
[Photo]
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Objects used by the officiating lamas at ceremonies in Buddhist temples; two kinds of thunderbolt (»dordjie») and a triangular dagger with a hilt consisting of a »dordjie» and a skull. From Labrang. |
| 0575 |
[Photo]
l |
A Buddhist rosary, broken by red balls and small thunderbolts (»dordjie») fastened to the forks. From Labrabg. |
| 0575 |
[Photo]
r |
A rosary composed of the vertebrae of snakees. From Labrang. |
| 0576 |
[Photo]
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A Tangut from the neighbourhood of Khi tha shan. |
| 0577 |
[Photo]
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A 70-year old Tangut from Khi tha shan. |
| 0578 |
[Photo]
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A Tangut village not far from the village of Vankur. |
| 0579 |
[Photo]
|
A group of Tangut women in a village between Labrang and Taochow. |
| 0580 |
[Photo]
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A Tangut woman collecting droppings. |
| 0581 |
[Photo]
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A Tangut woman collecting droppings. |
| 0582 |
[Photo]
|
Tanguts in the market-place at Taochow (Sin-cheng). |
| 0584 |
[Photo]
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An old Tangut woman watering her horse and donkey. |
| 0585 |
[Photo]
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A Tangut mounted on a donkey. |
| 0587 |
[Photo]
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Tangut women digging in the village of Tahlishi. |
| 0588 |
[Photo]
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A 70-year old Tangut in the village of Tahlishi. |
| 0592 |
[Photo]
|
A 38-year old Tangut on horseback. |
| 0593 |
[Photo]
|
A 30-year old Tangut from the village of Katani on horseback. |
| 0597 |
[Figure]
|
Impromptu sketch by a Tibetan encounted on the road, who had never seen European paper nor had a pencil in his hand. |
| 0601 |
[Photo]
|
The Nanshan miao at Tsinnchow with a thousand-year old tree and a ruin in the courtyard. |
| 0602 |
[Photo]
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Cleaning tabacco on a factory roof at Tsinchow. |
| 0603 |
[Photo]
|
Cleaning tabacco on a factory roof at Tsinchow. |
| 0608 |
[Photo]
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Prince Yangtchung lei and some Tanguts from Tibet at Si-an-fu on the way to Yutai Shan. |
| 0609 |
[Photo]
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Prince Yangtchung lei from Tibet. |
| 0616 |
[Photo]
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A Tangut from Tibet on the way to Yutai Shan. |
| 0617 |
[Photo]
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The same Tibetan Tangut as in the previous illustration. |
| 0627 |
[Photo]
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Two platoons of infantry drilling at Si-an-fu. |
| 0629 |
[Photo]
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Troops at Si-an-fu performing gymnastic exercises. |
| 0636 |
[Photo]
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The Roman Catholic mission at Si-an-fu. |
| 0637 |
[Photo]
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The weaving room of the girl's school in the Roman Catholic convent at Si-an-fu. |
| 0640 |
[Photo]
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The outer courtyard of the palace occupied by the Emperor of China in 1900, while a fugitive at Si-an-fu. |
| 0641 |
[Photo]
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Garden of the yamen, in which the Emperor of China stayed during his flight to Si-an-fu. |
| 0642 |
[Photo]
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The principal mosque at Si-an-fu: the courtyard and pagodas. |
| 0643 |
[Photo]
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From left to right: an antique image of Buddha of red and gold lacquered wood from Labrang and two bronze images from Si-an-fu. |
| 0645 |
[Photo]
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Stonegateway and two stone horses near Tung yuan fang. |
| 0648 |
[Photo]
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View from the foot of Hwai shan. |
| 0649 |
[Photo]
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The ascent to the temples at Hwai shan. |
| 0651 |
[Photo]
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The temple at Hwai shan. |
| 0652 |
[Photo]
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The temples at Hwai shan; the cook on a litter. |
| 0653 |
[Photo]
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A photograph taken during the descent from the temples at Hwai shan. |
| 0654 |
[Photo]
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The West tower of Tung Kwang. |
| 0660 |
[Photo]
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Part of the temples in the grottes at Lung meng near Honan-fu. |
| 0661 |
[Photo]
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Inside the temples in the grottes at Lung meng. |
| 0662 |
[Photo]
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Inside the temples in the grottes at Lung meng. |
| 0663 |
[Photo]
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Inside the temples in the grottes at Lung meng. |
| 0665 |
[Photo]
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The war-god in a palanquin in the temple of Kwangti chuang (near Honan-fu), where his head is said to be buried. |
| 0670 |
[Photo]
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The »glass pagoda» at Kai-feng-fu. |
| 0671 |
[Photo]
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Kung yen at Kai-feng-fu, examination halls for 10,000 pupils. |
| 0672 |
[Photo]
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A group of Mohammedan women at Kai-feng-fu. |
| 0673 |
[Photo]
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A Chinese Jew at Kai-feng-fu. |
| 0675 |
[Photo]
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Gymnastics at the military scool at Kai-feng-fu. |
| 0676 |
[Photo]
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Gymnastics at the military scool at Kai-feng-fu. |
| 0677 |
[Photo]
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Gymnastics at the military scool at Kai-feng-fu. |
| 0681 |
[Photo]
|
A steel bridge being built over the Hwang ho. |
| 0697 |
[Photo]
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Entrance of the principal temple of Lohu sy in the Yutai Shan monastery. |
| 0702 |
[Photo]
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The temple tower in the Sydza liang paass in the neighbourhood of Yuan Shan. |
| 0703 |
[Photo]
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Part of the temple tower in the Sydza liang pass. |
| 0704 |
[Photo]
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Grinding and cleaninng corn in the village of Tsha-pu in the neighbourhood of Yutai Shan. |
| 0705 |
[Photo]
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Mongols on the way to Yutai Shan in the gorge south of the Hunsuiling pass. |
| 0721 |
[Photo]
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Shöli tu chow, a lamasery at Kweihwa ting. |
| 0734 |
[Photo]
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The author, Lukanin. Tchao and Li at Kalgan. |
| 0735 |
[Photo]
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A group in the garden of the legation in Peiting. |