Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books | |||||
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| Stein, Marc Aurel | |
| 1862 | |
| 1943 | |
| Hungary / Budapest | |
| Archaeology ; Linguistics | |
| British archaeologist and explorer born in Hungary. He studied at universities in Vienna and Tubingen before going to Britain to major in archaeology at Oxford. In 1887, he made his first trip to India, and became the principal of the Oriental College in Lahore and the registrar of the Punjab University. By this stage, he had mastered six languages, namely Greek, Latin, French, English, Sanscrit and Persian. He was transferred to Calcutta in 1899 to become the principal of the Calcutta madrasah. Stein was involved in four Central Asian expeditions with the first campaign in 1900, excavating numerous sites such as Dandan-Uiliq, Niya Endere, Kroraina (Loulan), unearthing numerous artifacts and compiling detailed records into expedition reports. He became a naturalized British citizen in 1904, and brought a large amount of ancient scrolls and paintings from Dunhuang caves to Britain, purchased from the caves' caretaker Wang Yuanlu, in 1907 and 1914. In acknowledgement of these achievements, he was awarded the C.I.E. (Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire) in 1910. In 1912 he was awarded the K.C.I.E. (Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire), which allowed him to be called "Sir". | |
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