IIIF Color HighRes
National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
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| IIIF Color HighRes |
| Southern Tibet : vol.4 |
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Citation Information
THE JOURNEY IN THE INDUS VALLEY CONTINUED.
197
d
of undulations of the ground. To the naked eye it is perfectly horizontal. Sometimes we cross belts of coarse sand, the last remains of the destruction of the rocks. But never even a rudiment of a dune of drifted sand, is seen. In profile, the floor of the valley between the base of the screes to the right and left is a nearly perfectly straight horizontal line. It is easy to see how complete and even the filling up of the space between the two ranges has been. This is the result of wind, weather, rain and erosion, and the work of filling continues day by day. The action of transport, on the other hand, is not great. Only during a limited part of the year, the Indus carries away solid material in a very fine state of division. By far the greater part of the material washed down by the water, remains in the valley. This procedure continuing for thousands of years, will finally succeed in making the valley as even as a floor. Only where the screes meet one another, the ground becomes undulated.
We pass Kugu-nara to the right, and Lungsor and Lungbo to the left.
Mane-tumtum, situated on a bend of the river, is a mani wall, very well built, partly of masonry, and covered with engraved stones with the usual formula. Then follows a whole series of small manes. Now there is a good deal of grass and bushes along the river. The road is following the base of the mountains to the left, and so is the river in this section of its course. Sometimes it is divided into two branches. Manlung and Dumtse are valleys to the right. Where the valley,
T~ Ringtung-nana, enters from the left, we cross the river, which here is covered with
very solid ice. The breadth of the stream was here 78.7 m., the mean depth, 0.46 m., the maximum depth, 0.78 m., the mean velocity, 0,357 m., and the volume 12.98 cub. m. per second. Eight days before or on November I I th, we had found the volume to be 16.45 cub. m. per second. Now the river had, therefore, 3.47 cub. m. less. This is due to the severe cold in the mountains of the higher regions, more and more spring-water being bound as ice. This diminishing of the volume, would, no doubt, continue in the course of the winter, though, of course, not at such a rate as during these last eight days. Lower down it comes to a point where it begins to increase, by means of the water brought down by tributaries. Camp CCLXIII, Dung-kang, was situated on the right bank. From here, two small panoramas were sketched, 363 and 364, Tab. 64, the first to the N. E. and east, the latter to the N. W. showing the high mountain group beyond Chushul.
On November 201h, we made 17.3 km. N. W., sinking from 4,186 m. to 4,179 m., or 7 m., which is the same as I : 2471. The fall of the valley is, therefore, still insignificant, and it would be impossible to tell whether the ground descends or ascends, if we had not the river at our side. The landscape remains extremely monotonous. In the large features there are no changes whatever; two ranges with innumerable shoulders and short, steep ramifications , screes and fans, transverse
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