IIIF Color HighRes
National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
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| IIIF Color HighRes |
| Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
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Citation Information
i
I 02 ORME, DOW, DU HALDE, DE MAILLA, RENNELL, TIEFFENTHALER, WAHL, WILFORD, AND OTHERS.
of the River Indus is bounded to the east by the mountains of Little Thibet and Sewalick; and on the north by the mountains, called Hindoo-Ko, which separate
Cabul from Bucharia, in Tartary.
The river called by Europeans Indus, and by the natives generally Sinde (or Sindeh), is formed of about r o principal streams which descend from the Persian and Tartarian mountains, on the north, east and north west. The Ayin Acbaree describes its source as being in Cashgur and Cashmere; by which it appears that the people of Hindoostan consider the north east branch as the Sinde.I
Still so late as in 1785, the principal cartographer of India and surrounding regions, had not the faintest idea of the Kara-korum System, and uses the Ain-i-Akbari as a source. The natives of Assam informed Rennell »that the Burrampooter has a very long course previous to its entering Assam, and that it comes from the N. W. thro' the Thibet Mountains.» Of the country in general he says : 2
By Thibet, or more properly Great Thibet, we are to understand all that vast country extending from the sources of the Indus to the borders of China ; and from Hindoostan, to the great desert of Cobi, northward; though we have but a faint idea of its extent towards that quarter. Its length from east to west cannot be less than i600 British miles: its breadth is very unequal. We are informed generally that it is divided into three parts; that is, Upper, Middle, and Lower Thibet. The upper division seems to respect the countries towards the sources of the Ganges and Sanpoo Rivers : the middle , that in which Lassa is situated, and of which it forms the centre: and the lower Thibet, that which borders on China. But the subject is obscure, and likely to remain so.
The same year as Rennell's Memoir, TIEFFENTHALER'S work was published by BERNOULLI. There we are told about the boundaries of Kashmir: Oestlich dieser Provinz, liegt Parestan und der Fluss Tschinab; südöstlich, Manhal und die Gebirge von Zambu; nordöstlich, Gross-Tibet; westlich, Pacli und der Fluss Kischenganga.3
The information regarding Kashmir and Kashgar, as given in the same work, is obviously taken from BERNIER :
Der Provinz Caschmir liegt nordöstlich von Caschgår. Der kürzeste Weg dahin geht durch Gros-Tibet; weil man aber nicht durchgelassen wird: so geht man durch Klein-Tibet in folgender Richtung :
Zuerst bis Gurtsch, eine kleine Stadt und Grenzort des Caschmirischen Gebiets, vier Tagereisen weit ; von da acht Tagereisen bis Ascard, die Hauptstadt von Klein-Tibet; von da bis zur Stadt Schäkär. Dann geht es i 5 Tagereisen durch dicke Wälder bis an die Grenzen von Klein-Tibet ; nach andern i 5 Tagereisen bis Caschgår, die ehmalige Residenz des dortigen kleinen Königs; izt ist es Yarcänd, zehn Tagereisen nördlicher.
Von Caschgår bis Chatay, oder die an Sina grenzende Tartarey, auch das nördliche Sina genannt, ist eine Reise von zwey Monaten, welche die Kaufleute in Gesellschaft machen. Sie holen daher das wider die Lustseuche dienende sinesische Holz , das augen-
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I Memoir of a Map of Hindoostan. Second Edition. London 1785, P• 5o et seq.
2 Op. cit., p. 103.
3 Johann Bernoulli : Des Pater Joseph Tieffenthaler's historisch-geographische Beschreibung von i..
Hindustan etc. Erster Band. Berlin 1785, p. 5o. 1
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