IIIF Color HighRes
National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
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| IIIF Color HighRes |
| Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
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Citation Information
THE SUBDIVISIONS OF' CENTRAL TRANSHIMALAYA. 561
In Vol. III I have already in detail described the Transhimalaya as I saw this
system, and in Vol. VI I have added some information regarding its morphology along my routes. It here only remains to add a few words of its different ranges as they will be found on our map in i : I ,000,000, drawn from all existing material by Colonel H. BVSTRoM. It is obvious that I can talk of the system only so far as I know it by my own experience or from 8 i° to 88° 15' East Long. This portion of the system which I have called the Central Transhimalaya — the Kailas Range being the Western, and the Nien-chen-tang-la and its continuation the Eastern Transhimalaya — I subdivide into three regions:
I. From 81° 20' or the meridional line on which the Kailas, the neck of land between the Rakas-tal and the Manasarovar, and the Gurla-mandata are situated, to 84° 35' or the meridional line of Chunit-tso, the plain of Bongba-Kebyang and the middle portion of the valley of the Buptsang-tsangpo.
From 84° 35' to 861 30', or the line on which the Tang-yung-tsaka, the Dangra-yum-tso, the lower part of the valley of the Targo-tsangpo, the Shuru-tso and the Amchok-tso are situated.
From 86° 30' eastwards to 88° 15' or so far as I know the Central Transhimalaya.
The three lines just mentioned are of great interest. They are all three meridional or running at right angles across the prevailing east-west alignment of the system. Their character becomes more pronounced as we proceed from west to east. The geotectonic building of the easternmost line seems therefore easier to explain than that of the westernmost, and the relations on the middle line (Chunit-tso) are clearer than those on the Kailas line, but less clear than those of the Dangra-yum-tso line.
A curious feature common to all three lines is that their depressions occur in connection with the highest mounts of Tibet, which on a small scale is the same phenomemon as the distribution of zones of folding in the immediate vicinity of the oceans.
The mountain systems of Tibet become higher, wilder and more complicated as we proceed from the interior of the plateau-land to the south. This is, in no small degree, due to the denudation of the ranges and the filling up of the valleys in the interior, a process by which the original ranges are hidden by enormous quantities of secondary material. The Transhimalayan system is both broader and higher than the systems north of it, and the Himalaya is in nearly all senses more magnificent than the Transhimalaya. In consequence of the tangential stresses the superficial layers of the crust were compressed and crumpled, and where this process met the resistance of the Indian peninsula the most gigantic folds were built up. The strain continued from north to south, and the next series of earth-waves which rose simultaneously to the north of the Himalaya met the resistance of the growing
71. VII.
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