| 0033 |
[Photo]
155 |
SHAGOLIN-NAMJIL RANGE, NAN-SHAN, SEEN FROM CAMP CCXV., ACROSS BASIN OF SU-LO HO HEAD-WATERS. |
| 0033 |
[Photo]
156 |
RUINS OF ANCIENT CHINESE MAGAZINE T. XVIII., TUN-HUANG LIMES, SEEN FROM SOUTH. The figures of men standing at different points of structure serve to indicate its size. |
| 0053 |
[Photo]
157 |
BARREN HILL RANGE EAST OF CH'IEN-FO-TUNG VALLEY, SEEN FROM SOUTH END OF SITE. |
| 0057 |
[Photo]
158 |
MIDDLE GROUP OF 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS' GROTTOES (B) AND BEGINNING OF SOUTHERN GROUP (A). |
| 0061 |
[Photo]
159 |
ROWS OF CAVE-TEMPLES, SHOWING DECAYED PORCHES, NEAR MIDDLE OF SOUTHERN GROUP, 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS' SITE. |
| 0065 |
[Photo]
160 |
INTERIOR OF CAVE-TEMPLE CH. VIII., 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS' SITE, SHOWING FRESCO DECORATION OF WALLS AND ROOF. |
| 0069 |
[Photo]
161 |
STUCCO IMAGE GROUP, REPRESENTING BUDDHA BETWEEN DISCIPLES, BODHISATTVAS, AND DVARAPALAS, IN CAVE-TEMPLE CH. III., 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS' SITE. |
| 0087 |
[Photo]
162 |
RUINED WATCH-TOWER T. XXV., NORTH OF TUN-HUANG OASIS, SEEN FROM SOUTH-WEST. Chiang-ssŭ-yeh at foot of tower. |
| 0087 |
[Photo]
163 |
FACE OF ANCIENT BORDER WALL, NEAR TOWER T. XXXV., TUN-HUANG LIMES, SHOWING CONSTRUCTION WITH ALTERNATE LAYERS OF STAMPED CLAY AND FANCINES. |
| 0095 |
[Photo]
164 |
REMAINS OF ANCIENT WATCH-TOWER T. XXVII., TUN-HUANG LIMES. The ruin stands on a natural clay terrace of which the continuation is seen on right. Naik Ram Singh in foreground. |
| 0095 |
[Photo]
165 |
REMAINS OF ANCIENT BORDER WALL, BETWEEN LOW DUNES, EAST OF TOWER T. XXXV., TUN-HUANG LIMES. The Chinese labourer on left stands on surface of low gravel mound. |
| 0121 |
[Photo]
166 |
RUINED HOMESTEAD, ABANDONED TO DESERT ABOUT SIXTY YEARS AGO, AT KUAN-TSOU, NORTH OF NAN-HU. |
| 0121 |
[Photo]
167 |
VILLAGE SHRINE AT NAN-HU, WITH SCHOOL-ROOM ON RIGHT. Chiang-ssŭ-yeh in front of shrine. |
| 0135 |
[Photo]
168 |
RUIN OF FARM ABANDONED DURING LAST CENTURY, IN DESERT NORTH OF NAN-HU. |
| 0135 |
[Photo]
169 |
RUINED WATCH-TOWER, T. XII., ON ANCIENT CHINESE LIMES, NORTH-WEST OF TUN-HUANG. |
| 0143 |
[Photo]
170 |
RUINED WATCH-TOWER, T. IX., ON ANCIENT CHINESE LIMES N.W. OF
TUN-HUANG. |
| 0147 |
[Photo]
171 |
GUARD-ROOM BUILT AGAINST NORTH-EAST CORNER OF ANCIENT WATCH-TOWER T. VIII., TUN-HUANG LIMES, AFTER EXCAVATION. On left is seen the narrow gate leading into the quarters of the watch-station, with sockets to hold bars of door; on adjoining wall surface the rough outline sketch of a camel; on extreme right steps of stairs once leading to roof of quarters and thence to top of tower. |
| 0147 |
[Photo]
172 |
ANCIENT POTTERY AND IMPLEMENTS EXCAVATED FROM RUINED WATCH-STATIONS ON TUN-HUANG LIMES. 1. Wooden beating-stick. 2. Broomstick of reeds. 3. Iron hoe. 4. Wedge of wood inscribed with two Chinese characters. 5. Pottery jar. 6. Broken piece of pottery mended with leather thong passed through holes. |
| 0151 |
[Photo]
173, 174 |
ANCIENT IMPLEMENTS AND ARTICLES OF EQUPMENT, EXCAVATED MAINLY FROM RUINED WATCH-STATIONS OF EARLY CHINESE BORDER LINE, TUN-HUANG. 1. Ornamented wooden tent-peg. 2. Foot-measure with decimal division into inches. 3. Wooden fire-stick. 4. Polished wood handle. 5. Ivory-topped head of baton. 6, 7. Spatulas. 8, 17. Carved wooden hooks (see p. 95). 9. Bowl of lacquered wood. 10. Hemp shoe. 11. Wooden key. 12, 20. Parts of wooden locks. 13. Wooden boot-last. 14. Fragment of calcined reed fascine (see p. 110). 15. Wooden socket for attaching seal. 16. Bronze arrow-head. 18. Block of wood for holding tapers. 19 Wooden eating-bowl. |
| 0163 |
[Photo]
175 |
STRETCH OF OF ANCIENT BORDER-WALL, BUILT OF LAYERS OF REED FASCINES AND CLAY, EAST OF TOWER T. XIII., TUN-HUANG LIMES. |
| 0163 |
[Photo]
176 |
REMAINS OF ANCIENT BORDER-WALL ADJOINING SALT MARSH, TO WEST OF TOWER T. XIV. A., TUN-HUANG LIMES, SEEN FROM SOUTH. |
| 0171 |
[Photo]
177 |
RUINED WATCH-TOWER T. XII. A., WITH REMAINS OF ADJOINING QUARTERS AND STAIRS, TUN-HUANG LIMES. |
| 0175 |
[Photo]
178 |
REMAINS OF ANCIENT WATCH-TOWER, T. XX.. OVERLOOKING LAKE WEST OF KHARA-NOR, TUN-HUANG LIMES. |
| 0175 |
[Photo]
179 |
HILLOCK WITH REMAINS MARKING POSITION OF ANCIENT 'JADE GATE' STATION, NEAR FORT T. XIV., TUN-HUANG LIMES. |
| 0197 |
[Photo]
180 |
RUIN OF ANCIENT WATCH-TOWER, T. VI. A., ON WESTERN FLANK OF TUN-HUANG LIMES, SEEN FROM SOUTH. The tower is built on an eroded clay ridge, and on right overlooks a depression with Toghraks and reed beds. |
| 0197 |
[Photo]
181 |
RUIN OF ANCIENT WATCH-TOWER, T. IV. C., ON WESTERN FLANK OF TUN-HUANG LIMES, WITH VIEW TO NORTH. |
| 0207 |
[Photo]
182 |
REMAINS OF ANCIENT WATCH-TOWER AND QUATERS, T. VI. B., TUN-HUANG LIMES, BEFORE EXCAVATION, SEEN FROM WEST. |
| 0207 |
[Photo]
183 |
RUBBISH-STREWN SLOPE BELOW RUINED WATCH-TOWER T. VI. B., IN COURSE OF EXCAVATION. The splintered piece of timber held by labourer marks the spot where hundreds of Chinese records on wood, all of 1st century B. C., were discovered close to surface. |
| 0209 |
[Photo]
184 |
GROUND-PLAN OF ANCIENT WATCH-STATION T. VI. B. |
| 0227 |
[Photo]
185 |
TEMPLE COURT AT 'CRESCENT LAKE,' TUN-HUANG. |
| 0231 |
[Photo]
186 |
CLIFFS WITH MAIN CAVE-TEMPLES OF 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS' SITE, SEEN FROM WEST. |
| 0235 |
[Photo]
187 |
WANG TAO-SHIH, TAOIST PRIEST AT 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS' SITE, TUN-HUANG. |
| 0239 |
[Photo]
188 |
CELLA AND PORCH OF WANG TAO-SHIH'S CAVE-TEMPLE, 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS' SITE, TUN-HUANG. |
| 0243 |
[Photo]
189 |
MODERN FRESCOES IN LOGGIA OF WANG TAO-SHIH'S TEMPLE, REPRESENTING ADVENTURES OF HSÜAN-TSANG. Wang Tao-shih standing on left. |
| 0243 |
[Photo]
190 |
TIBETAN MONK IN LOGGIA OF WANG TAO-SHIH'S TEMPLE, 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS' SITE. |
| 0251 |
[Photo]
191 |
OLD CHINESE MANUSCRIPTS AND BLOCKPRINTS FROM WALLED-UP TEMPLE LIBRARY OF 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS' SITE. 1. Complete Buddhist manuscript roll, T'ang period. 2, 3. Manuscripts of religious texts in book form. 4. Booklet made up of ink-rubbings from inscription. 5. Block-printed sheet with Buddhist picture and prayer. 6. Roll of block-printed Buddhist text with frontispiece from wood-engraving, dated 864 A.D. |
| 0257 |
[Photo]
192 |
ANCIENT MANUSCRIPTS IN SANSKRIT, CENTRAL-ASIAN BRAHMI, SOGDIAN, MANICHAEAN-TURKISH, RUNIC TURKI, UIGUR, TIBETAN, FROM WALLED-UP TEMPLE LIBRARY, 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' TUN-HUANG. 1. Sanskrit Prajna-paramita text on palm leaves. 2. Roll with Manichaean 'Confession of Sins' in early Turkish. 3. Book in Runic Turki. 4, 6. Uigur texts in book form. 5. Pothi in Central-Asian Brahmi script. 7. Text in cursive Central-Asian Brahmi written on reverse of Chinese MS. roll. 8. Roll with Sogdian text. 9. leaf of Tibetan Buddhist pothi. |
| 0263 |
[Photo]
193 |
GIGANTIC ROLL OF PAPER, WITH SANSKRIT AND 'UNKNOWN LANGUAGE' TEXTS IN BRAHMI SCRIPT, FROM WALLED-UP TEMPLE LIBRARY, 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' TUN-HUANG. A shows the roll, which is over seventy feet long, partially opened. B shows the silk painting on top of outer side. |
| 0271 |
[Photo]
194 |
BUNDLES OF OLD MANUSCRIPT ROLLS, MAINLY CHINESE, IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS, FROM WALLED-UP TEMPLE LIBRARY, 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,'
TUN-HUANG. |
| 0281 |
[Photo]
195 |
PAINTED SILK BANNERS, OF T'ANG PERIOD, REPRESENTING BODHI-SATTVAS, FROM WALLED-UP TEMPLE LIBRARY, 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' TUN-HUANG. |
| 0287 |
[Photo]
VI. |
Ancient Buddhist banner showing scenes from Buddha's life-story. From 'Caves of Thousand Buddhas' |
| 0293 |
[Photo]
VII. |
Ancient Buddhist banners showing figures of Bodhisattvas. From 'Caves of Thousand Buddhas' |
| 0299 |
[Photo]
VIII. |
Large Buddhist painting, of 864 A.D., representing Boddhisatvas. From 'Caves of Thousand Buddhas' |
| 0305 |
[Photo]
IX. |
Ancient embroidery picture showing Buddha between Bodhisattvas. From 'Caves of Thousand Buddhas' |
| 0309 |
[Photo]
196 |
MODERN STUCCO IMAGES IN CHINESE STYLE, REPRESENTING HSÜAN-TSANG AS AN ARHAT, WITH ATTENDANTS, IN A CAVE-TEMPLE OF THE 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' TUN-HUANG. |
| 0309 |
[Photo]
197 |
OLD SILK EMBROIDERY ON CUSHION-COVER FROM WALLED-UP TEMPLE LIBRARY, 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' TUN-HUANG. |
| 0321 |
[Photo]
198 |
RUINED BUDDHIST GROTTOES, NEAR WANG TAO-SHIH'S CAVE-TEMPLE, 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' TUN-HUANG. The antechapels and porches of the cellas above have completely disappeared. The stucco images show recent restoration. Below are seen the porches, partially filled with sand, leading to other cellas. |
| 0325 |
[Photo]
199 |
ROWS OF SMALL BUDDHIST CAVE-TEMPLES SEEN THE SHRINE OF A COLOSSAL BUDDHA, IN SOUTHERN GROUP OF 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS' SITE, TUN-HUANG. |
| 0329 |
[Photo]
200 |
STUCCO IMAGES OF BUDDHA WITH DISCIPLES AND BODHISATTVAS, PARTLY RESTORED, IN ALCOVE OF A SMALLER CAVE-TEMPLE, 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' TUN-HUANG. The walls of cella show diaper decoration with rows of small stencilled buddhas. |
| 0333 |
[Photo]
201 |
ALCOVE OF BUDDHIST CAVE-TEMPLE, 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' WITH MODERN STUCCO IMAGES OF BUDDHA WITH DISCIPLES, BODHISATTVAS, AND LOKAPALA. |
| 0337 |
[Photo]
202 |
FRESCO COMPOSITION ON WALL OF CAVE-TEMPLE, 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' TUN-HUANG, SHOWING SCENE IN BUDDHIST HEAVEN. For details see ii. p. 226. |
| 0341 |
[Photo]
203 |
FRESCOES IN NORTH-WEST OF LARGE CAVE-TEMPLE CH. VIII., 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' TUN-HUANG. For details see ii. p. 228. |
| 0345 |
[Photo]
204 |
FRESCO COMPOSITION REPRESENTING BUDDHIST STORIES, ON WEST WALL OF LARGE CAVE-TEMPLE CH. VIII., 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' TUN-HUANG. For details see ii. p. 228. |
| 0349 |
[Photo]
205 |
LARGE FRESCO COMPOSITION ON SOUTH WALL OF PORCH IN CAVE-TEMPLE CH. VIII., 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' SHOWING BUDDHA ON CAR. For details see ii. p. 229. |
| 0354 |
[Photo]
206 |
FRESCO COMPOSITIONS IN NORTH-WEST CORNER OF LARGE CAVE-TEMPLE CH. XVI., 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' TUN-HUANG. On left, representation of 'wind scene.' For details see ii. p. 230. |
| 0355 |
[Photo]
207 |
FRESOCO COMPOTION IN SOUTH-WEST CORNER OF LARGE CAVE-TEMPLE CH. XVI., 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' TUN-HUANG. In centre Buddha or Bodhisattva raising fan. For details see ii. p. 230. |
| 0361 |
[Photo]
208 |
WIND-ERODED WALLS AT NORTH-EAST CORNER OF RUINED TOWN, AN-HSI. |
| 0361 |
[Photo]
209 |
WANG TA-LAO-YE, MAGISTRATE OF TUN-HUANG, WITH HIS WIFE AND MOTHER. |
| 0373 |
[Photo]
210 |
WIND-ERODED GROUND AT FOOT OF GRAVEL GLACIS, EAST OF RUINED TOWN OF CH'IAO-TZŬ. |
| 0373 |
[Photo]
211 |
GATE PAVILLION OF OLD TEMPLE IN CH'IAO-TZŬ VILLAGE. In front carts loaded with our baggage. |
| 0379 |
[Photo]
212 |
RUINED STUPA AT OLD TOWN OF CH'IAO-TZŬ, SEEN FROM SOUTH. |
| 0385 |
[Photo]
213 |
CAVE-TEMPLES OF THE 'MYRIAD BUDDHAS,' ON LEFT BANK OF SHIH-PAO CHÊNG STREAM. |
| 0389 |
[Photo]
214 |
CAVE-TEMPLES OF THE 'MYRIAD BUDDHAS,' ON RIGHT BANK OF SHIH-PAO-CHÊNG STREAM. On the extreme right is seen the court in front of the colossal Buddha shrine. On the extreme left the grotto of the oldest of the resident priests. |
| 0393 |
[Photo]
215 |
FRESCOES IN THE ANTECHAPEL OF A CAVE-TEMPLE AT THE 'MYRIAD BUDDHAS' SITE. The figures in the procession of Bodhisattvas on the right are over life-size. |
| 0399 |
[Photo]
216 |
MONGOL CAMP ON EAST SIDE OF TA-KUNG-CH'A VALLEY. |
| 0399 |
[Photo]
217 |
HASSAN AKHUN PACKING CAMEL AT SU-CHI-CH'ÜAN SPRING. |
| 0405 |
[Photo]
218 |
VIEW SOUTH-WEST TOWARDS SNOWY MAIN RANGE FROM CH'ANG-MA VILLAGE. |
| 0405 |
[Photo]
219 |
INTERIOR OF WALLED VILLAGE OF CH'ANG-MA, LOOKING TO NORTH-WEST. The large temple near west wall served for our quarters. |
| 0409 |
[Photo]
220 |
VIEW FROM TU-TA-FAN TO SOUTH-WEST, SHOWING A PORTION OF TO-LAI-SHAN RANGE. |
| 0409 |
[Photo]
221 |
FORTIFIED VILLAGE AT CH'ANG-MA OASIS, WITH VIEW TO SOUTH-EAST TOWARDS SU-LO HO. |
| 0415 |
[Photo]
222 |
WATCH-TOWER OF MODERN GUARD-STATION AT TA-HAN-CHUANG, AT FOOT OF NAN-SHAN. |
| 0415 |
[Photo]
223 |
SEGMENT OF ANCIENT BORDER WALL NORTH OF SU-CHOU. The figure in Chinese costume above A is Father Essems. |
| 0419 |
[Photo]
224 |
THE CHIA-YÜ-KUAN GATE OF THE 'GREAT WALL,' SEEN FROM SOUTH-WEST. |
| 0419 |
[Photo]
225 |
PAVILION OVER INNER WEST GATE OF CHIA-YÜ-KUAN, WITH VIEW ACROSS INTERIOR OF CIRCUMVALLATION. |
| 0427 |
[Photo]
226 |
HAO-SHAN-K'OU GORGE WITH RUINED WALLS INTENDED TO CLOSE PASSAGE. On left, remnant of ancient wall (A) with parapet facing east; on right, battlemented wall of later origin (B) facing west. |
| 0427 |
[Photo]
227 |
TEMPLE OF KUAN-YIN, OR AVALOKITESVARA, WITHIN EAST GATE OF CHIA-YÜ-KUAN. |
| 0435 |
[Photo]
228 |
PAVILION AND COLONNADE AT ENTRANCE OF CHIU-CH'ÜAN TEMPLE, SU-CHOU. |
| 0435 |
[Photo]
229 |
GARDEN AND TEMPLE COURT AT CHIU-CHÜAN, THE 'SPRING OF WINE,' SU-CHOU. The group of trees on left hides the temple, used as 'my' reception hall. |
| 0449 |
[Photo]
230 |
NORTH WALL OF CHIN-FO-SSŬ TOWN, WITH FOOT-HILLS OF RICHTHOFEN RANGE IN BACKGROUND. |
| 0449 |
[Photo]
231 |
CHINESE VILLAGERS AT CHIN-FO-SSŬ WATCHING MY TENT. |
| 0455 |
[Photo]
232 |
VIEW SOUTH FROM HOU-TZŬ PASS ACROSS DRY LAKE BASIN. |
| 0461 |
[Photo]
233 |
CAMP AT CH'ING-SHUI-K'A-TZŬ, ON LEFT BANK OF MA-SO HO. |
| 0461 |
[Photo]
234 |
TUNGAN GOLD MINERS FROM HSI-NING. |
| 0467 |
[Photo]
235 |
VIEW TO SOUTH-WEST FROM RIDGE ABOVE TA-PEN-KO, CIRC. 14,000 FEET HIGH, SHOWING PORTION OF TO-LAI-SHAN. |
| 0467 |
[Photo]
236 |
VIEW TO S.E. FROM CHU-LUNG-KUAN PASS, SHOWING PORTION OF TO-LAI-SHAN RANGE. |
| 0471 |
[Photo]
X. |
PANORAMIC VIEW TAKEN FROM CREST OF WATERSHED ABOVE HUO-NING-TO PASS, SHOWING PORTIONS OF THE RICHTHOFEN, TO-LAI-SHAN AND ALEXANDER III RANGES OF NAN-SHAN. The panorama was taken at an elevation of circ. 15,500 feet to the north-west of the pass, which itself is hidden by rocky foreground (D; see ii pp. 314 sqq. and Map III.). The view extends from north-east (left) to south-west (right); the entries above the panorama indicate only the approximate bearings. It shows portions of the Richthofen Range west (A) and east (B) of Hung-shui-pa Ho, rising to peaks of over 18,000 feet. The high peaks of the To-lai-shan Range, over which the pass leads, are masked by neighbouring ridges (C). Across the wide valley of the Pei-ta Ho are seen in the distance the Uge-shan group (E), rising to close on 19,000 feet, and other snowy portions of the Alexander III. Range (F to H). The approximate position of the pass by which we crossed this renge is indicated by (G). For a view from the same point to the north-west see Fig. 237. |
| 0475 |
[Photo]
237 |
ON CREST ABOVE HUO-NING-TO PASS, LOOKING N.W. TOWARDS PEI-TA HO VALLEY. |
| 0475 |
[Photo]
238 |
VIEW DOWN THE PEI-TA HO VALLEY FROM LEFT BANK OF RIVER. |
| 0479 |
[Photo]
239 |
SNOW-FIELDS AT HEAD OF VALLEY EAST OF PASS ACROSS ALEXANDER III. RANGE. |
| 0479 |
[Photo]
240 |
SNOWY PEAK SEEN EASTWARDS FROM PASS ACROSS ALEXANDER III. RANGE. Ponies resting in foreground; elevation circ. 15,200 feet. |
| 0483 |
[Photo]
241 |
VIEW TO EAST FROM ABOVE LEFT BANK OF SU-LO HO. The snowy peaks in distance belong to the Alexander III. Range. Rai Ram Singh at work on the plane-table. |
| 0483 |
[Photo]
242 |
LARGE DUNES ON MARSHY GROUND IN HEAD-WATERS BASIN OF SU-LO HO. Elevation circ. 13,400 feet. The glacier-crowned peaks in distance belong to Shagolin-Namjil range. |
| 0487 |
[Photo]
243 |
VIEW TO WEST TOWARDS SHAGOLIN-NAMJIL PEAKS FROM SU-LO HOーPEI-TA HO WATERSHED. |
| 0487 |
[Photo]
244 |
VIEW FROM SU-LO HOーPEI-TA HO WATERSHED, CONTINUED TOWARDS SOUTH-WEST. This view join Fig. 243 at line A B, forming part of panoramic view of Su-lo Ho head-waters basin. Taken from an elevation of circ. 14,600 feet. |
| 0491 |
[Photo]
245 |
VIEW SOUTH FROM SHEN-LING-TZŬ PASS ACROSS KAN-CHOU RIVER VALLEY TOWARDS TO-LAI-SHAN. |
| 0495 |
[Photo]
246 |
HEAD OF ALPINE VALLEY AT CAMP CCXXI., NORTH-EAST OF SHEN-LING-TZŬ PASS. Turdi (A) and Sahid Bai (B), our Turki pony-men, in foreground. |
| 0495 |
[Photo]
247 |
MY CHINESE PONY-MEN SAFELY RESTORED TO THE PLAINS. On extreme right our aged 'Ya-i' pointing with stick to the chief mutineer. |
| 0499 |
[Photo]
248 |
FIRST MONGOL CAMP MET WITH IN KHAZAN-GOL VALLEY. Chiang-ssǔ-yeh on left; fir trees on slopes in background. |
| 0499 |
[Photo]
249 |
CAMP ON LEFT BANK OF KHAZAN-GOL, PACKED FOR START. |
| 0503 |
[Photo]
250 |
VIEW TO SOUTH FROM FIRST FOREST-CLAD RIDGE ABOVE KHAZAN-GOL. The Khazan-gol is just visible in valley. In distance snowy peaks of main Richthofen Range. |
| 0503 |
[Photo]
251 |
VIEW SOUTH FROM FÊNG-TA-FAN TOWARDS MAIN RICHTHOFEN RANGE, ACROSS KHAZAN-GOL VALLEY. |
| 0507 |
[Photo]
252 |
MONGOL HEAD-MEN NEAR GRAZING-GROUNDS OF LAO-T'U-KOU. |
| 0511 |
[Photo]
253 |
FORTIFIED VILLAGE OF SHA-CHING-TZŬ, WITH TEMPLE GATE, ON ROAD TO KAN-CHOU. |
| 0511 |
[Photo]
254 |
CENTRAL GATE TOWER AND MAIN STREET IN KAN-CHOU. |
| 0515 |
[Photo]
255 |
MEMORIAL GATEWAY, BUILT ABOUT A.D. 1825, OUTSIDE WEST GATE OF KAN-CHOU. |
| 0515 |
[Photo]
256 |
ORNAMENTAL GATEWAY IN FRONT OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF'S YA-MÊN, KAN-CHOU. |
| 0519 |
[Photo]
257 |
TEMPLE NEAR STATION OF HSING-HSING-HSIA, ON ROAD FROM AN-HSI TO HAMI. Barren Pei-shan hills in background. |
| 0519 |
[Photo]
258 |
GORGE ABOVE SU-BASHI, ON ROAD FROM TURFAN TO KARA-SHAHR. |
| 0533 |
[Photo]
259 |
RIDGE WITH RUINED BUDDHIST SHRINES IN WANG'S ORCHARD AT ARA-TAM, HAMI. Seen from ruined temple cellas south-west. |
| 0533 |
[Photo]
260 |
RUINED VAULTS AND CHAMBERS NEAR WEST WALL OF CHONG-HASSAR, TURFAN. A marks approach to ruined Buddhist cella. |
| 0543 |
[Photo]
261 |
RUINS OF SMALL BUDDHIST STUPA AND SHRINE AT KICHIK-HASSAR, TURFAN. Tila Bai standing on top of dune. |
| 0543 |
[Photo]
262 |
RUINED SHRINES AND CAVE-TEMPLES ON WEST SIDE OF TOYUK GORGE, TURFAN. |
| 0547 |
[Photo]
263 |
CENTRAL MAIN STREET IN RUINED TOWN OF YAR-KHOTO, TURFAN, SEEN FROM NORTH. The high structure in foreground is a temple ruin. On the left the trees of Yar-khoto village, beyond the eastern 'Yar,' show in the distance. |
| 0547 |
[Photo]
264 |
PORTION OF RUINED TOWN OF YAR-KHOTO SEEN FROM NEAR ITS SOUTH END. |
| 0551 |
[Photo]
265 |
MY CAMP AT THE RUINS OF 'MING-OI,' NEAR SHIKCHIN, KARA-SHAHR. The photograph shows the western and middle lines of ruined shrines as seen from north. Hoar-frost covers scrub. |
| 0551 |
[Photo]
266 |
INTERIOR OF RUINED BUDDHIST CELLA MI. XVIII., AT 'MING-OI' SITE, KARA-SHAHR. The richly painted stucco image of a seated Bodhisattva, like the fine image-base by its side, were found up-turned. The shrine was once vaulted. |
| 0556 |
[Photo]
267 |
GENERAL VIEW OF RUINED BUDDHIST SITE OF 'MING-OI,' KARA-SHAHR, FROM SOUTH. Parts of western and middle lines of southern group of ruins seen in foreground. The shrine Mi. XIII. marked by A was the chief find-place of small stucco relievors as seen in Figs. 270, 271. Behind it, in distance, cave-temples and ancient watch-tower. |
| 0557 |
[Photo]
268 |
RUINED BUDDHIST SHRINES IN CENTRE OF 'MING-OI' SITE, KARA-SHAHR, SEEN FROM NORTH. |
| 0561 |
[Photo]
269 |
RELIEVO IMAGES IN STUCCO REPRESENTING BODHISATTVAS, IN RUINED BUDDHIST SHRINE MI. XI., 'MING-OI' SITE, KARA-SHAHR. |
| 0566 |
[Photo]
270 |
STUCCO HEADS, SHOWING GRAECO-BUDDHIST ART INFLUENCE, FROM RUINED SHRINES, 'MING-OI' SITE, KARA-SHAHR. 1. Bearded head of classical type with Indian headdress. 2, 3. Grotesque heads. 4. Shrouded head. 5. Grotesque head, derived from Gorgo on miniature shield (see ii. p. 368). 6, 9. Heads probably of Bodhisattvas. 7. Head of Naga type. 8. Satyr-like head. |
| 0567 |
[Photo]
271 |
STUCCO HEADS AND BUSTS FROM RELIEVO DECORATION OF RUINED BUDDHIST SHRINES, 'MING-OI' SITE, KARA-SHAHR. 1. Helmeted head. 2, 3. Heads in naturalistic style. 4, 6, 7. Female busts. 5. Divine male bust. |
| 0571 |
[Photo]
272 |
STUCCO HEAD IN HIGH RELIEVO, PROBABLY REPRESENTING A BODHISATTVA, FROM RUINED SHRINE MI. XV., 'MING-OI' SITE, KARA-SHAHR. |
| 0576 |
[Photo]
273 |
MISCELLANEOUS WOOD-CARVINGS AND STUCCO RELIEVO FROM SITES OF 'MING-OI,' KHORA, 'THOUSAND BUDDHAS,' AND TUN-HUANG LIMES. 1. Floral ornament in wood, 'Ming-oi.' 2. Grotesque relievo in wood, from painted panae, Khora. 3. Buddha image in wood, 'Thousand Buddhas.' 4. Stucco heads from Trimurti image, T. XXIX., Tun-huang Limes (ii. p. 59). 5. Miniature Stupa in wood, 'Ming-oi.' 6. Relievo in Gandhara style from wooden casket, 'Ming-oi.' 7. Grotesque wood-carving, 'Ming-oi.' 7. Grotesque wood-carving, 'Ming-oi.' |
| 0576 |
[Photo]
274 |
RELIEVO TILE IN TERRACOTTA AND MINIATURE SHIELDS IN STUCCO FROM RUINED SHRINES, 'MING-OI' SITE, KARA-SHAHR. 8. Miniature shield with wooden stick supporting it. 9. Grotesque head on shield, from Gorgo model. 10. Tile showing head of Buddhist divinity. |
| 0577 |
[Photo]
275 |
RELIEVOS AND DECORATIVE CARVINGS IN WOOD, FROM RUINED BUDDHIST SHRINES, 'MING-OI' SITE AND KHORA. 1. Relievo panel, gilt, showing small seated Buddhas. 2. Miniature Indo-Corinthian capital. 3. Miniature stêlê in Graeco-Buddhist style with relievo scenes from Buddhist legend. 4. Statuette in Chinese style representing a Lokapala. 5. Relievo of seated Buddha, Khora. |
| 0581 |
[Photo]
276 |
GENERAL VIEW OF BUDDHIST TEMPLE RUINS, KHORA, FROM NORTH-EAST. Tahir Beg in foreground. |
| 0585 |
[Photo]
277 |
TAHIR BEG AND AHMAD YÜZ-BASHI, OF KORLA. |
| 0585 |
[Photo]
278 |
BAKIR, PLAYER OF RABAB, ON DESERT MARCH. |
| 0589 |
[Photo]
279 |
DUNES IN DRY RIVER BED NEAR CHARCHAK DARYA. |
| 0589 |
[Photo]
280 |
MUSA HAJI BETWEEN TWO OTHER HUNTERS FROM KORLA. Seekers for the fabled sand-buried 'old town.' |
| 0599 |
[Photo]
281 |
MY CARAVAN MARCHING OVER HIGH DUNES IN TAKLAMAKAN, SOUTH OF TARIM RIVER. Hassan Akhun and Turdi with the camels; Naik Ram Singh behind on left. |
| 0607 |
[Photo]
282 |
CARAVAN ON MARCH NEAR DRY RIVER BED AT END OF ANCIENT KERIYA RIVER DELTA. |
| 0607 |
[Photo]
283 |
HALT ON MARCH ACROSS DUNES AND DEAD JUNGLE OF DRIED-UP DELTA OF KERIYA RIVER. |
| 0611 |
[Photo]
284 |
HALT AMIDST DEAD JUNGLE ON LEFT BANK OF DRY RIVER BED IN ANCIENT DELTA OF KERIYA RIVER. Jasvant Singh and myself in foreground. |
| 0623 |
[Photo]
285 |
CAMELS WAITING FOR THEIR FIRST DRINK AFTER ARRIVAL AT KERIYA RIVER. |
| 0623 |
[Photo]
286 |
SHAHYAR LABOURERS SLAKING THEIR THIRST AFTER REACHING ICE OF KERIYA RIVER END. |
| 0627 |
[Photo]
287 |
MY TENT AT FIRST CAMP AFTER REACHING THE KERIYA RIVER END. Ibrahim Beg in foreground. |
| 0627 |
[Photo]
288 |
BY THE NEW BED OF THE DYING KERIYA RIVER. On right Ibrahim Beg and labourer with cyclometer. |
| 0631 |
[Photo]
289 |
ANCIENT QUADRANGLE PARTIALLY BURIED UNDER DUNES, KARA-DONG SITE. On left Tila Bai standing amidst timber remains of south-west corner. |
| 0635 |
[Photo]
290 |
ANCIENT DWELLING NEAR SOUTH END OF KARA-DONG SITE BEFORE EXCAVATION. |
| 0635 |
[Photo]
291 |
THE SAME ANCIENT DWELLING OF KARA-DONG SITE IN COURSE OF EXCAVATION. |
| 0639 |
[Photo]
292 |
PULLAT MULLAH AND IBRAHIM OF KHOTAN, 'TREASURE-SEEKERS.' |
| 0639 |
[Photo]
293 |
MENDICANT PILGRIM OR 'DIWANA' AT BURHANUDDIN'S DESERT SHRINE, KERIYA RIVER. |
| 0645 |
[Photo]
XI. A |
FRESCO SHOWING SCENE FROM THE LIFE OF BUDDHA; FROM RUINED BUDDHIST TEMPLE EXCAVATED AT 'MING-OI' SITE, SHIKCHIN, KARA-SHAHR. |
| 0645 |
[Photo]
XI. B |
FRESCO REPRESENTING HARITI, THE INDIAN GODDESS OF SMALL-POX; FROM RUINED BUDDHIST SHRINE EXCAVATED AT FARHAD-BEG SITE, DOMOKO. |
| 0647 |
[Photo]
294 |
BUDDHIST SHRINE ON TAMARISK CONE AT SITE OF FARHAD-BEG-YAILAKI, IN COURSE OF EXCAVATION. |
| 0647 |
[Photo]
295 |
REMAINS OF BUDDHIST SHRINE AT KARA-YANTAK, NEAR DOMOKO, IN COURSE OF EXCAVATION. |
| 0651 |
[Photo]
296 |
MY COMPANIONS AND MYSELF AT ULUGH-MAZAR, IN THE DESERT NORTH OF CHIRA. From left to right, sitting: Chiang-ssǔ-yeh, myself with 'Dash,' Rai Bahadur Lal Singh. Standing: Ibrahim Beg, Jasvant Singh, Naik Ram Singh. |
| 0655 |
[Photo]
297 |
RUINED FORT AND WATCH-TOWER ON MAZAR-TAGH RIDGE SEEN FROM WEST. Below, in background, wide flood-bed of Khotan River. |
| 0655 |
[Photo]
298 |
DIGGING UP ANCIENT DOCUMENTS FROM REFUSE LAYERS BELOW RUINED FORT OF MAZAR-TAGH. |
| 0659 |
[Photo]
299 |
MY CAMP IN A BEG'S GARDEN AT AK-SU. In foreground Haji Abid, the Beg's son. |
| 0659 |
[Photo]
300 |
CROWD IN BAZAR STREET AT AK-SU. |
| 0663 |
[Photo]
301 |
P'AN TA-JÊN, TAO-T'AI OF AK-SU, MY OLD PATRON AND FRIEND |
| 0667 |
[Photo]
302 |
KIRGHIZ WITH FELT TENT BELONGING TO MANGUSH BEG, AT ILACHU. |
| 0667 |
[Photo]
303 |
KIRGHIZ FROM GRAZING-GROUNDS OF UCH-TURFAN. |
| 0671 |
[Photo]
304 |
IN CAÑON OF KORUM-BOGUZ RIVER NORTH OF KELPIN. Mangush Beg, with pony, in foreground. |
| 0677 |
[Photo]
305 |
FAREWELL TO MY BRAVE CAMELS FROM KERIYA. |
| 0677 |
[Photo]
306 |
CARPENTERS AT WORK ON PACKING-CASES FOR ANTIQUES, IN COURTYARD OF NAR-BAGH. |
| 0681 |
[Photo]
307 |
TURDI, MY DAK-MAN FROM KHOTAN. The saddle-bag across Turdi's shoulder served to carry small mails. |
| 0681 |
[Photo]
308 |
CHIANG-SSŬ-YEH AT WORK ON ANCIENT CHINESE RECORDS, IN NAR-BAGH. This photograph shows my devoted secretary just recovered from a short attack of illness. |
| 0685 |
[Photo]
309 |
BADRUDDIN KHAN, INDIAN AK-SAKAL AT KHOTAN, WITH HIS SONS AND A TRUSTED SERVANT. |
| 0685 |
[Photo]
310 |
KHUDA-BERDI (YÜZ-BASHI) AND CULTIVATORS OF YOTKAN. Khuda berdi sits on extreme left; the figures stuck in his belt serve for easy reference in anthropometrical list. |
| 0689 |
[Photo]
311 |
VILLAGE MOSQUE AT AK-YAR, ON ROAD TO UCH-TURFAN. |
| 0689 |
[Photo]
312 |
MOSQUE AT RUKNUDDIN MAZAR, YOTKAN. |
| 0693 |
[Photo]
313 |
LANDING BAGGAGE FROM FERRY-BOAT ON RIGHT BANK OF YURUNG-KASH RIVER. |
| 0693 |
[Photo]
314 |
VIEW EASTWARDS FROM ABOVE KAR-YAGDI, IN POLUR GORGE. The peak in background, above glacier, rises to 20,080 feet. |
| 0697 |
[Photo]
315 |
OUR ADVANCE PARTY EMERGING FROM POLUR GORGE NEAR KHAN LANGAR. Rai Bahadur Lal Singh standing in middle. 'Badakhshi,' my pony, being held on the left. |
| 0701 |
[Photo]
316 |
TRACK IN POLUR GORGE NEAR SARIK-KORAM, VIEWED FROM SOUTH. |
| 0705 |
[Photo]
317 |
PASA, OF KERIYA, HUNTER OF WILD YAKS, AND OUR GUIDE. |
| 0709 |
[Photo]
318 |
ABANDONED GOLD PITS IN CONGLOMERATE CLIFFS OF ZAILIK GORGE. |
| 0709 |
[Photo]
319 |
GROUP OF ZAILIK MINERS WHO SERVED AS CARRIERS. |
| 0713 |
[Photo]
320 |
VIEW UP THE YURUNG-KASH RIVER GORGE FROM DEBOUCHURE OF ZAILIK STREAM. |
| 0717 |
[Photo]
321 |
VIEW SOUTH TOWARDS SNOWY RANGE FROM RIDGE ABOVE SHALGAN DAVAN, CIRC. 17,700 FEET HIGH. |
| 0721 |
[Photo]
322 |
VIEW DOWN THE YURUNG-KASH RIVER GORGE FROM DEBOUCHURE OF HASIB CHAP. |
| 0721 |
[Photo]
323 |
VIEW TOWARDS MAIN KUN-LUN RANGE, SOUTH OF YURUNG-KASH RIVER, FROM CAMP BELOW TAR-KOL PASS. The elevation of this camp was circ. 16,000 feet. |
| 0725 |
[Photo]
XII |
PANORAMA OF COMPLETE HORIZON, SHOWING KUN-LUN RANGES AROUND GLACIER SOURCES OF YURUNG-KASH RIVER. TAKEN FROM AN ELEVATION OF CIRC. 17,400 FEET ON RIDGE OVERLOOKING YURUNG-KASH HEAD-WATERS BASIN ABOVE KURUMLUK SAI. |
| 0725 |
[Photo]
XII.〜t |
The upper portion of the panorama extends from north-west (left) to east (right); the lower portion from south-east (left) to west (right). For a brief description of the general features see ii. pp. 454 sqq. The entries above each portion of the panorama indicate only approximate bearings. A B, C D mark the lines where the lower portion overlaps the upper one. In the latter the view ranges from the snowy massif (E), dividing the Yurung-kash head-waters and the Seghiz-köl basin, to the distant peaks of the Northern Kun-lun chain above Keriya and Niya (F), and to the uppermost Yurung-kash course (G) and the Gügrüge Glacier (H). |
| 0725 |
[Photo]
XII.〜b |
In the lower portion are seen successively the ice-crowned range (l), rising to heights of over 22,000 feet, which separates the Yurung-kash and Keriya River sources; the great ice mantle (J) which covers the main Kun-lun range south and feeds the easternmost head-waters of the Yurung-kash; the Tu-sai and other great ice-streams (K) descending from the high watershed between Lake Lighten and the Yurung-kash River; the deep-cut gorge of the latter (L; see ii. pp. 451 sqq.); and the Tar-kol spur (M; see ii. p. 450) with our triangulation station. |
| 0729 |
[Photo]
324 |
VIEW SOUTH-WEST TOWARDS MAIN KUN-LUN RANGE, FROM TRIANGULATED PEAK ABOVE TAR-KOL PASS. The elevation of this peak, used as a survey station, is 18,612 feet. |
| 0733 |
[Photo]
325 |
ZAILIK GORGE BELOW SAGHIZ-BUYAN, VIEWED FROM WEST. |
| 0733 |
[Photo]
326 |
DONKEYS DESCENDING ROCK COULOIR FROM SPUR ABOVE HEAD GORGE OF YURUNG-KASH RIVER. |
| 0737 |
[Photo]
327 |
VIEW DOWN THE HEAD GORGE OF YURUNG-KASH RIVER, FROM AN ELEVATION OF CIRC. 15,000 FEET. |
| 0741 |
[Photo]
328 |
VIEW SOUTH TOWARDS GLACIERS OF MAIN KUN-LUN RANGE FROM HEAD-WATERS BASIN OF YURUNG-KASH. |
| 0741 |
[Photo]
329 |
SLATE CLIFFS RISING ABOVE RIGHT BANK OF YURUNG-KASH, NEAR DEBOUCHURE OF TÜGE-TASH STREAM. |
| 0745 |
[Photo]
330 |
DISTANT VIEW OF GLACIERS FEEDING THE YURUNG-KASH SOURCES, FROM PASS EAST OF ULUGH-KÖL. |
| 0745 |
[Photo]
331 |
GLACIERS OVERLOOKING THE BASIN OF THE KERIYA RIVER SOURCES FROM WEST. Elevation of basin circ. 17,200 feet. |
| 0749 |
[Photo]
332 |
VIEW ACROSS SOUTH-WEST END OF LAKE LIGHTEN. Elevation of lake circ. 16,000 feet above the sea. |
| 0749 |
[Photo]
333 |
WITNESSES' IN WIND-ERODED DRY LAKE BED NEAR CAMP OF SEPTEMBER 16TH, 1908. Aziz standing on a witness, Ibrahim Beg riding behind another. Elevation circ. 15,300 feet above the sea. |
| 0763 |
[Photo]
XIII. |
PANORAMIC VIEW TAKEN FROM SNOWY COL ON WATERSHED OF MAIN KUN-LUN RANGE, NORTH OF HAJI LANGER, AT AN ELEVATION OF ABOUT 20,000 FEET ABOVE SEA LEVEL. The panorama (see ii. pp. 478 sqq. ) comprises over three-quarters of the horizon, extending from east (left) to north (right). The approximate positions of the cardinal points are indicated above the panorama. On the extreme left are seen the snow slopes and the crest (A) of a high massif, probably culminating in the triangulated peak of 23,071 feet. The highest point of the crest visible from the col does not fall within the potion of the panorama reprodeced. To the south-east, just by the slope of the great ridge, appears the triangulated peak K., 21,750 feet (B), and below it the valley which probably gives access to the 'Yangi Dawan.' Beyond the valleys farther south (C) the view extended to high plateaus with dry salt lake-beds, on Johnson's route from Ladak. Above the valley marking the position of Haji Langer (D) appears the range flanking the uppermost Kara-kash River from the south. The snowy dome to the south-west (E) rises to over 21,000 feet and forms part of the crest line of the Kun-lun. Farther on this makes a sharp bend to the north and is visible as far as the snowy pyramid (F). Below, in the foreground, is the snowy col of the watershed, overlooking névé beds north-westward (G), which feed the glacier (H) of an unexplored valley trending to the north and probably draining into the Panaz Darya (ii. p. 480). Due north, and behind the snowy spur flanking this valley on the right, there shows a serrated massif, without snow, probably part of the Panaz-Nissa watershed. On the right the panorama terminates on the north slope (I) of the western shoulder of the triangulated peak of 23,071 feet. |
| 0779 |
[Figure]
II. |
Map showing portions of KUN-LUN RANGE, CHINESE TURKESTAN, to illustrate the explorations of DR. M. AUREL STEIN and his assistants R. B. LAL SINGH AND R.S. RAM SINGH. Surveyor General of India. 1906-8. |
| 0781 |
[Figure]
III. |
Map showing portions of the WESTERN AND CENTRAL NAN-SHAN to illustrate the explorations of DR. M. AUREL STEIN and his assistant R.S. RAM SINGH, SURVEY OF INDIA. 1907. |