国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
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Explorations in Turkestan : Expedition of 1904 : vol.2 | |
トルキスタンの調査 1904年 : vol.2 |
362 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT ANAU.
We know further that great numbers of these large animals were killed by the Assyrian king Ashur-nasir-pal, on the hunting grounds near the Euphrates. Aristotle mentions the occurrence of the buffalo with horns curved back to the neck, in Arachosia, the Persian province Khokand; and Chosroes II (591 to 628 A. D.) is represented on a silver plate in the National Library of Paris as hunting this animal.*
There can be no doubt that two large bovine animals lived in very ancient times in Northern Persia in proximity to the Anau kurgans. Which of these two animals furnished the bones we are discussing and was the one hunted by the ancient Anau-li ? Fortunately there are among the bones from the deepest layers of the kurgan several which enable us to answer this question. These are fragments of a right branch of a lower jaw, which I have restored, a basioccipital bone, and a fragment of a horn-core.
Table of dimensions (in millimeters).
It is well known that one of the principal differences between the bubaline and the taurine form of the ox tribe consists in the slender form of the lower jaw and especially in the greater width of the incisive part (corpus) of the lower jaw in the buffalo, and the greater narrowness of the horizontal branch behind the
*Duerst, Quelques ruminants sur des oeuvres d'art asiatiques. Revue archéolog., r, pp. 239-244.
North Kurgan,
Anau,
- 20 ft.
Bos namadicus
Narbada
(Brit. Mus.).
Bos pri„cigenius
(Mus. Bern).
Bubalus arnee
(Paris).
Lower jaw.
Length
Length of dentition
Length of molars
Length of premolars
Length of toothless part
Width of ascending branch
Height of horizontal branch at premolar s
'Width of incisive part
443 ••••
171 161
I IO 10.4
8o 56
II5 ...
142 ....
51 45
83 84
438
162
IoS
76 I17
136
53
78
455
I25
154 139 51 IO2
North Kurgan, I Bos pri,ni-
Anau, Oenius, Kirken- Bos Mums.— 17 ft. donghtshire \Valthamstow.
~(Mus. London).''
Basioccipital hone.
Length of condyle
Width of foramen
Width above condyle
Width on upper protuberances
Width on tubercula pharynge
Length from upper protuberances to tubercula pharyngeæ...
Lateral length of basioccipital
530 505
43 ....
65 ....
72 57
37 26
46 ....
94 76
Provenience of horn-core.
Circumference Vertical
at base. diameter.
Length of core.
Anau
Suen-Hua-Fu, China, Bos nanuzdicus (Mus. Paris)
Ilford, Essex, England, Brit. Mus. (N. 25426) Bos primigenius..
Algeria, Bos opistonomus Pomel (Mus. Algeria) .
Levallois-Perret (Paris), Bos primigenius (Mus. Paris)
Rhine, Bos primigenius (Mus. Darmstadt)
about 400
413 430 340 415 382
IIO
43
56 6o
37
44
92
about 83o
I00o
Boo
725
690
120 I22 I2.1 90 110 100
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