国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

382   ANIMAI, REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT ANAU.

ANTELOPIN/E.

Gazella subgutturosa Gueldenstedt. (See plate 76, figs. Ii-13 and plate 84.)

Several of the best-preserved bones of all the layers belong to the Gazella subgutturosa Gueldenstedt, the small but beautiful antelope that still lives in Persia and Turkestan. There are both horn-cores and teeth, parts of lower jaws and extremity bones, which make the presence of the animal very evident. It occurs frequently from the lowest layers below the level of the plain to the summit of the kurgan.

It is clear that this swift game was successfully hunted by the inhabitants of culture period I of the kurgan. Assuming with Mucke,* that the wild animals of such an early period would show no great fear of man, it nevertheless seems strange that they could be killed without the aid of the dog, and it is probable that a dog, if not the same as the one we find in the higher layers, existed also at the earlier period, although no bones were discovered.

The great hardness and the absence of cavities in the horn-cores have served well to protect the remains of this animal from destruction by tooth and time. The color of the horn-cores is different from that of the inclosing earth, ranging from dark-red to light-yellow. In the following table are given the dimensions of some of these in the order of their position in the kurgan and in comparison with the measurements of the head of a modern individual. These animals are also represented in the sculptures of the ancient Assyrians (plate 84).

Table of dimensions (in millimeters).

CERVIDÆ.

THE STAG OP PERSIA.

Cervus sp. [maral Ogilbyt(?)]. (See plate 76, fig. to.)

This great deer is represented by the remains of an antler. The main branch has been knocked off with a sharp instrument and only the crown or burr remains. The circumference is 25 cm. In the European stag from the Schlossberg I found 24.5 cm. in eighteen antlers and i 9 cm. in twelve. It is probably C. maral Ogilby, but for lack of material this can not be proved.

*Mucke, Urgeschichte des Ackerbaues und der Viehzucht. Greifswald, 1898. t Gray, Cervus wallichii. Proc. Zool. Soc., 185o, p. 228, 1840, p. I I.

Diameter
anterior to
posterior.

Circum-
ference
on base.

Width of

frontal between horn-cores.

Length.
of horny
sheet.

Circum- ference of horn- base.

Horn-cores.

Length.

Lateral diameter

North Kurgan, Anau:

- 21 feet   

—17 feet   

—9 feet   

+8.5 feet    

+ I5 feet   

+18.7 feet    

+27 feet   

+3o feet   
Gazella subgutturosa, stuffed male adult specimen, Mus.

Bern   

160

155

175

145

165

165

2I0

170

3o

30

31

38

34

32

33

34

34

22

22 2I 27 24 24

23

24

25

89

90 90 I05 IOo 92 90 94

14

15

280

95