IIIFカラー高解像度
国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
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| IIIFカラー高解像度 |
| Views of China : vol.1 | |
| 中国の眺望 : vol.1 |
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| 潅漑-稲作には水をたっぷり含んだ土が必要だが、これはどこにでもある訳ではないため、潅漑が最も重要な農作業の一つである。水はほとんどいつも十分にあり、水を利用するために最も多様な機器が使われている。時には、バケツを使い手で汲み上げるだけで水田が水でいっぱいになる。あるいは、エジプトのように、長いさおの先にバケツを取り付け、重さを利用してほぼ垂直にバランスを取る。または、バケツを中程に付けたロープの両端を男性が持ち、ロープを交互に緩めたり引っ張ったりして、バケツで小川の水をすくい、土手まで引っ張り上げる。しかし、最も効果的な方法はチェーンポンプで、踏み車のように足で作業するというもの、あるいは前述のように、水牛を使って歯車付きの大きな水平の車輪を動かし、横軸の歯車に入れ込んで、その上をチェーンが動くようにするというものだ。さらに、頻繁に使われる別の方法は、つまり、浮きのついた垂直な車輪を、水流で動かすというものだ。この車輪の周辺には穴をあけた竹を取り付けるのだが、竹は下に降りる時に汲み上げた水を桶に注ぐような角度になっている。IRRIGATION-Rice requires a very wet soil, and as this is not everywhere to be found, irrigation is one of the most important farming operations. Water is almost always plentiful, and the most various devices are employed to utilise it. Sometimes the land is drenched merely by means of buckets, drawn by hand. Or, as in Egypt, the bucket is attached to a long pole, nearly poised on an upright by means of a weight. Or, again, a bucket is attacked to the middle of a rope, held at the two ends by men, who, by in turn loosening and tightening the rope, dip the bucket into a creek and jerk the water over the bank. But the most effective means is a chain pump, worked either by the feet, as on a treadmill, or, as is represented above, by a large cogged horizontal wheel moved by a buffalo, and working into a cogged axis over which the chain passes. There is yet another plan frequently adopted, namely an upright wheel with floats, worked by the current, and having hollow bamboos fixed to the circumference at such an angle that at the moment of descent they pour their contained water into a trough. |
引用情報
No. 20.—InmeAmor.
Ares requires a very wet sod, and as this is not everywhere to be bucket into a creek and jerk the water over the hank.' Bat the most found, irrigation isone of the most important farming operations. effective means is a chain pump, worked either by the feet,m on a tread. Water is almost always plentiful, and the most various devices are em• mill, or, . is represented above, by a large cogged horizontal wheel ployed to utilise it. Sometimes the land is drenched merely by means moved by a buffalo, and working into EL cogged axis over which the chain of buckets, drawn by hand. Or, as M Egypt, the bucket is attacked to passes. There is yet another plan frequently adopted, namely an up-a long pole, n.rly poised onan upright by means of a weight, Or, right wheel with floats, worked by the current, and having hollow ham. gain, a bucket is attached to the middle of a rope, held at the two ends ! boos fixed to the circumference at such an angle that at the moment of by men, who, by in turn loosening and tightening the rope, dip the descent they pour their contained water into a trough,
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