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CHAPTER V
RUINED SITES NEAR DOMOKO
Section I.—THE SHRINES OF KHĀDALIK
First finds
brought
from
Khādalik. After completing my work at Ak-terek I left the Khotan oasis on September 22 for my
explorations eastwards. The first goal in my programme was a ruined site near the small oasis of
Domoko about which I had been able to secure information while at Khotan. Since my former
journey certain fragmentary manuscripts in Brāhmī writing had reached Badruddin Khān and through
him Mr. Macartney, and on my first return to Khotan I had traced these to diggings which Mullah
Khwāja, a petty official of Domoko, was said to have carried on at some ruin situated in the
desert not far to the north of that village. Through Badruddin Khān I had myself secured some
fairly well preserved leaves of Sanskrit 'Pōthis', and on my return from the mountains I had
managed to get the man himself brought to Khotan together with some further specimens.
Mullah
Khwāja's
burrowings. Mullah Khwāja proved to be no regular 'treasure-seeker' but a respectable village official whom
Merghen Ahmad, my old guide to Dandān-oilik, had some five years previously urged to look out
for old 'Khats' such as he had seen me excavate. Mullah Khwāja, being in great arrears to the
Keriya Ya-mén with revenue due from the oil tax, hoped for a chance of getting out of his debts by
such finds. So he induced villagers accustomed to collecting fuel in the desert jungle north and east
of Domoko to guide him to some 'Köne-shahrs' not far off. Scraping among the remains at one
of these small sites, known to the woodmen as Khādalik ('the place with the sign stake'), he had
come upon the hoped-for 'Khats'. Having realized some money by their sale to the Indian and
Andijāni Ak-sakāls at Khotan, and having sought favour by presenting others as curios to the
Keriya Āmban, he had intermittently carried on his burrowings for the last three years or so. On
the promise of a good reward and my intercession at the Keriya Ya-mén, Mullah Khwāja readily
undertook to show me the provenance of his finds at Khādalik as well as some minor ruins in
its vicinity. In consequence of Mullah Khwāja's operations these sites had become well known to
the local officials, and others, of the string of oases extending from Chira to Domoko. Prof. Hunt-
ington, too, as I knew, had been guided to them, when in the autumn of 1905 he made those
thorough and methodical investigations into the physical conditions prevailing in these oases and in
the desert around them, now recorded in his Pulse of Asia.¹
Arrival at
Khādalik. On September 23 I proceeded from the flourishing oasis of Chira to Malak-ālagan, the northern-
most colony of Domoko, which I had first visited in 1901,² and near which to the east I knew
Khādalik to be situated (see Map, No. 27). For the observations made on the march, which took
me past the northern outskirts of the oases of Gulakhma and Ponak and showed me cultivation
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646
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