国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
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Ser Marco Polo : vol.1 | |
マルコ=ポーロ卿 : vol.1 |
BOOK FOURTH.
WARS AMONG THE TARTAR PRINCES AND SOME
ACCOUNT OF THE NORTHERN COUNTRIES.
XXII., p. 488.
RUSSIA.
" It seems that Russia [Chinese A -to-sz' = Mongol Oros ; the
modern Chinese name for Russia is Wo-to-sal was unknown to
the nations of Eastern Asia before the Mongol period. In the
Mongol and Chinese annals the Russians are first mentioned after
Subutai's invasion of Southern Russia in 1223. The Yüan chao
pi slii terms Russia or the Russians Orus, as they are called even
now by the Mongols. The Chinese of the Mongol period write
A-to-sz', sometimes also Wa-to-sz' or U-lu-sz'. All these names
evidently render the Mongol appellation Orus.
" In the Yuan shï Russia is frequently mentioned.... I may
notice here some other instances where the Russians are spoken
of in the Yüan-shï. We read in the annals, s.a. 1253, that the
Emperor Meng k'o (Mangu) ordered Bi-dje Bie-rh-k'o to be sent
to Wu-lo-sz' in order to take a census of the people.
" It is an interesting fact recorded in the Yüan shï that there
was in the first half of the fourteenth century a settlement of
Russians near Peking. In the annals, chap. XXXIV., s.a. I33ó, it
is stated that the Emperor Wen Tsung (Tob Timur, 1329-32,
the great grandson of Kubilai), formed a regiment composed of
U-lo-sz' or Russians. This regiment being commanded by a
wan hu (commander of ten thousand of the third degree),
received the name ` The Ever-faithful Russian Life-guard.'
It was placed under the direct control of the council of war.
Farther on in the same chapter it is stated that 14o king of land,
north of Ta to (Peking) was bought from the peasants and
allotted to these Russians, to establish a camp and to form a
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