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NOTE I.—The end of the last chapter and the commencement of this I have taken from the G. Text. There has been some confusion in the notes of the original dictation which that represents, and corrections have made it worse. Thus Pauthier’s text runs: “I will tell you of two small Islands, one called Gauenispol and the other Necouran,” and then: “You sail north about 150 miles and find two Islands, one called Necouran and the other Gauenispol.” Ramusio does not mention Gauenispol, but says in the former passage: “I will tell you of a small Island called Nocueran”—and then: “You find two Islands, one called Nocueran and the other Angaman.”

Knowing the position of Gauenispol there is no difficulty in seeing how the passage should be explained. Something has interrupted the dictation after the last chapter. Polo asks Rusticano, “Where were we?” “Leaving the Great Island.” Polo forgets the “very small Island called Gauenispol,” and passes to the north, where he has to tell us of two islands, “one called Necuveran and the other Angamain.” So, I do not doubt, the passage should run.

Let us observe that his point of departure in sailing north to the Nicobar Islands was the Kingdom of Lambri. This seems to indicate that Lambri included Achin Head or came very near it, an indication which we shall presently see confirmed.

As regards Gauenispol, of which he promised to tell us and forgot his promise, its name has disappeared from our modern maps, but it is easily traced in the maps of the 16th and 17th centuries, and in the books of navigators of that time. The latest in which I have observed it is the Neptune Oriental, Paris 1775, which calls it Pulo Gommes. The name is there applied to a small Island off Achin Head, outside of which lie the somewhat larger Islands of Pulo Nankai (or Nâsi) and Pulo Brás, whilst Pulo Wai lies further east.* I imagine, however, that the name was by the older navigators applied to the larger Island of Pulo Bras, or to the whole group. Thus Alexander Hamilton, who calls it Gomus and Pulo Gomuis, says that “from the Island of Gomus and Pulo Wey . . . the southernmost of the Nicobars may be seen.” Dampier most precisely applies the name of Pulo Gomez to the larger island which modern charts call Pulo Bras. So also Beaulieu couples the islands of “Gomispol and Pulo Way” in front of the roadstead of Achin. De Barros mentions that Gaspar d’Acosta was lost on the Island of Gomisfola. Linschoten, describing the course from Cochin to Malacca, says: “You take your course towards the small Isles of GOMESPOLA, which are in 6°, near the corner of Achin in the Island of Sumatra.” And the Turkish author of the Mohit, in speaking of the same navigation, says: “If you wish to reach Malacca, guard against seeing JÁMISFULAH (جَامِسْفُلَه), because the mountains of LAMRI advance into the sea, and the flood is there very strong.” The editor has misunderstood the geography of this passage, which evidently means “Don’t go near enough to Achin Head to see even the islands in front of it.” And here we see again that Lambri is made to extend to Achin Head. The passage is illustrated by the report of the first Master’s Voyage to the Indies. Their course was for the Nicobars, but “by the Master’s fault in not duly observing the South Star, they fell to the southward of them, within sight of the Islands of Gomes Polo.” (Nept. Orient. Charts 38 and 39, and pp. 126-127; Hamilton, II. 66 and Map; Dampier, ed. 1699, II. 122; H. Gén. des Voyages, XII. 310; Linschoten, Routier, p. 304 De Barros, Dec. III. liv. iii. cap. 3; J. A. S. B. VI. 807; Astley, I. 238.)

The two islands (or rather groups of Islands) Necuveran and Angamain are the Nicobar and Andaman groups. A nearer trace of the form Necuveran, or Necouran as it stands in some MSS., is perhaps preserved in Nancouri, the existing name of one of the islands. They are perhaps the Nalo-kilo-chu (Narikela-dvipa) or Coco-nut Islands of which Huen Tsang speaks as existing some thousand li to the south of Ceylon. The men, he had heard, were but 3 feet high, and had the beaks of birds.

* It was a mistake to suppose the name had disappeared, for it is applied, in the form Pulo Gaimer, to the small island above indicated, in Colom I Versteeg’s map to Veth’s Achin (1872). In a map chiefly borrowed from that, in Ocean Highways, August, 1873, I have ventured to restore the name as Pulo Gomus. The name is perhaps (Mal.) Gamds, “hard, rough.”