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『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

609

madan names of Kāshgar, 48, 67;
Chinese etymologies of the name,
48 sq.; Western etymologies, 50;
supposed connexion with Khaśa, 51;
Marco Polo's opinion of the people
of 'Casear', 49 n, 70; called Shūlik
in early Tibetan records, 50; sug-
gested derivation from Kāsh, 'jade,'
ib. n.; in the Annals of the Former
Han Dynasty, 52; and of the Later
Han Dynasty, 53, 56, 57; account
given by Maēs, 54; invaded by the
Great Yüeh-chih, 55; the Hīnayāna
School predominant in, 56, 69;
pendent on Khotan, 57; subject to
the Hephthalites, 58; to the Western
Turks, ib.; Chinese authority re-
established, 60; embassies from the
king of Kāshgar to the Imperial
court, 61; occupied by the Tibetans,
ib.; expedition of Qutayba ibn
Muslim, 62; Wu-k'ung's account of
K., 64, 66 sq.; Islām established at
K., 65; references to K. in the T'ang
Annals, 65 sq.; Fa-hsien's notice of
K., 67 sq.; visited by Fa-yung and
Tao-yo, 69 n.; Hsüan-tsang's account
of K., 69 sq.; Christianity in K.,
71 sq.; infusion of Kirghiz blood in
K., 147; war with, and conquest of,
Khotan, 180 sq.; mentioned in
Annals of the Three Kingdoms, 168;
in N. xv. 93. a, b, 371, 537; called
Su-lig by the Tibetans, 581.
Kāshgar, city of, Mirzā Haidar's account
of, 73 n.; citadel of, ib.
Kashgaria, Eastern Turkestān, a term
of modern Russian origin, 51.
Kashmīr, see Chitral.
Kashmīr (Ku-shih-mi, Kou-che-mi),
'Gates' or watch-stations of, 2; visited
by Wu-k'ung, ib.; 'Northern Gate'
of, ib.; Western Gate (Bārāmūla), 4;
called Ku-shih-mi by the Chinese,
6; transport of supplies to Gilgit, 11,
12; king of, an ally of China, 11, 13;
called Keshimur by Marco Polo, 14 n.;
wrongly identified with Chit-pin, 51 n.;
early connexion with Khotan, 118;
resemblance of Khotan and K. legends,
160; Buddhism said to have been
introduced into Khotan from K., 164,
231, 232; resemblance between Kho-
tanese and Kashmiris, 165; Arhats
come to Khotan from K., 582 sq.
Kārea 699, Ptolemy's name for the Kun-
lun range, not for Kāshgar, 50, or
for the Khaśas, 51; suggested rela-
tion with Kāsh, 'jade,' 50 n.
Kāsim Akhūn, hunter, 237; engaged
as guide, 238; digs wells, 239.
Kayāsh, canton of Khotan, 131 n. sq.
kashu (pot), 234.
Kasān-kol, 453.
'Kenhān', province of, identified with
oases from Keriya to Chīra, 463.

Kenk-kiök, grazing-ground, 453.
kegek-altun, gold-dust, 193.
Kepek-gholuk Mazār, shrine, 112.
Kergah Nullah, rock-carved relief of
Buddha, 17; ancient water-conduit,
19.
Keriya river, perhaps supplied canals of
Dandān-Uiliq, 285; alleged old course
of, 286 sq.; once reached Tārim R.,
449.
Keriya, town and district, officially styled
Yü-t'ien by the Chinese, 155 n., 310 n.,
467; objects acquired at, 467, 469;
age of town, 467; one of the 'Six
Cities', 268, 522 n.
Keshimur, Marco Polo's name for Kash-
mīr, 14 n.
ketman (hoe), 238.
'Keytous Maghrébi', tomb of, 229 n.
Khakha, hill-tribe, the ancient Khaśas,
51 n.
Khalche, hamlet, 191, 195, 196, 199,
200.
'Khām', rough cotton material, 112,
134, 174 n.
Khān-arik, village, 515.
Khān-ui (the Khān's residence'), ruins
near, 79 sq.
Kharoṣṭhī, derivation of the term, 49;
MS. said to have been found in cave
at Kohmāri, 188; script on Sino-
Kharoṣṭhī coins, 205; characters (?)
on seals (B. D. 001. j), 219, (N. xv.
24), 355; script in Taxila region,
368 sq.
Kharoṣṭhī documents from Niya Site,
deciphered and published by Prof.
Rapson, xii, 326 sqq., 364 sqq.; con-
tain words probably of Tibetan origin,
149; support the tradition of an
immigration from Taxila to Khotan,
163; prove the use of the Kharoṣṭhī
script in third cent. A. D., 205; first
find of, 312, 316 sqq.; description of
tablets, 318 sqq., 347 sqq., 357;
documents on leather, 344 sqq.; de-
cipherment of Kharoṣṭhī documents,
363 sqq.; technical terms for, 368;
date of, 369.
*Khareṣṭra, suggested as an ancient
name of Kāshgar, 49; as a much
wider geographical designation, ib. n.
Khaśas, hill-tribes along the whole
Himālaya range, unconnected with
Kāshgar, 51; possibly referred to in
the term Khāryalipi, ib.; the modern
Khakha tribe, ib. n.
Khāsya or Khāsya writing, see Khāsya-
lipi.
Khāsyalipi or Khāsya writing, more
probably relates to the Khaśas, than
to K'ia-sha (Ch'ia-sha), Kāshgar,
51.
'Khat', writing, 256 sqq., 272.
'Khitai khats' (Chinese documents),
267.

khitailik sighiz, 'Chinese earth-bank,'
434, 475.
Khō, name of Yārkhūn Valley below
Mastūj, 16 n.
Khodana, Prākrit name of Khotan, 154,
367. See Khotan.
Khoja Mahēb Khōjam, see Muḥibb
Khwāja.
Khotamna, Prākrit name of Khotan, 154,
367. See Khotan.
Khotan (Sanskrit and Prākrit, Kustana
or Kustanaka, Khotamna, Khodana
or Kholana; Chinese, Ch'ien-tun, Ch'ü-
sa-tan-na, Ch'ü-tan, Ho-tien, Huan-
na, Huo-tan, Yü-tien, and Yü-tun;
Manchu, Ho-thian; Mongol, Ho-tan,
O-duan, Wa-duan, Wu-duan; Tibetan,
Li-yul, U-then (Hu.then)).
history of the kingdom of Khotan:
conquered by Tu-man, 60; attacked
by the Tibetans, 61; historical notices
of K., 151 sqq.; Chinese records,
151; Tibetan notices, 152, 581 sqq.;
ancient names, 153 sqq.; modern
names, 155; legendary traditions,
156 sqq.; Hsüan-tsang's legend of
its origin, 156 sq., 159; Tibetan
version, 159 sq.; relations between
Khotan and Kashmīr legends, 160;
historical background of legend, 163;
date of supposed Indian immigration,
164; historical notices of K. in
Chinese records, 166 sqq.; Former
Han Annals, 166; Later Han Annals,
167 sq.; Fa-hsien's account, 169;
Liang Annals, 170; Sung Yün's ac-
count, ib.; Hui-shēng's account, 171;
under the White Huns, ib.; during
the T'ang Period, 172 sqq., 522 n.;
described in the T'ang Annals, 173
sq.; by Hsüan-tsang, 174; included
in the 'Four Garrisons', 175; kings
of K. during the T'ang Period, 175,
177 sq.; Tibetan inroads, 176; end
of Chinese supremacy, 177; Chinese
mission to K., under Posterior Han
Dynasty, 178 sq.; conquered by Mu-
ḥammadan ruler of Kāshgar, 180 sq.;
rule of Muḥammad Arslān Khān,
461; embassies from K. in Sung
Annals, 182; under Kara Khitai and
Mongol rule, 183, 463; visited by
Marco Polo, 183; notice in Ming
Annals, ib.; Yōtkan, on the site of
the ancient capital, 190, 199; 'the
King's New Monastery', near K.,
194, 224; date of the abandonment of
the ancient capital, uncertain, 156 n.,
206; the territory of K. designated
'the Six Cities', 266, 267, 522 n.;
early kings of K., 581 sqq.
art and culture: influence of
Chinese civilization on Khotan, viii;
diversity of cultural influences, ib., 357;
connexion of its art with Taxila, 8;
Buddhist art of Gandhāra, ib., 118,

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