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| 0569 |
Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
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In the first communication delivered by Dr. M. A. STEIN on *A Journey of
geographical and archeological exploration in Chinese Turkestan,*¹ he gave us
the interesting information of a considerable change in the physical conditions on
the Mus-tagh-ata, a change that probably embraced the whole Kashgar Range, and
perhaps still more extended mountain regions. In 1894 I had found the northern
ridge of the Yambulak glacier passage nearly bare of snow up to an elevation of
over 20,000 feet, and had been able to use yaks up to the highest point I reached.
In 1900 Stein »found the ridge from circ. 15,500 feet upwards enveloped by heavy
masses of snow, which seem likely to transform themselves gradually into a mantle
of ice, such as lies over the other elevated slopes of the mountain». Already at
about 17,000 feet he found it necessary to leave the yaks behind. Here is the
principal factor exercising influence upon the volume of water in the rivers, and
dictating the fluctuations of the niveau of lakes in the vicinity, such as *e. g.* we have
found when dealing with the Manasarovar.
Stein's journey in the Central Kwen-lun was of very great importance, and
cleared up the orographical arrangement in the most excellent way. He was wise
enough to concentrate his attention on one special portion of the system which he
explored thoroughly. He says:
That portion of the Kuen-luen range which contains the headquarters of the Yurung-
kash or Khotan River had hitherto remained practically unsurveyed, the scanty information
available being restricted to the sketch map of the route by which Mr. Johnson, in 1865,
had made his way from Ladak down to Khotan. Colonel Trotter had, in 1875, expressed
the belief that the head waters of the Yurung-kash were much further to the east than
shown on that map, and probably identical with a stream rising on the plateau south of
Polu. Captain Deasy, working from the side of Polu in 1898, succeeded in reaching the
sources of this stream at an elevation of over 16,000 feet, but was prevented from following
it downwards. Thus the true course of the main feeder of the Yurung-kash, together with
most of the orography of the surrounding region, still remained to be explored.²
When one hears that the peak of 23,690 feet (K5) at the Upper Yurung-kash was
called Muz-tagh by the natives, one cannot help remembering that the Mustack of RENAT
was situated at the southern border ranges of the Tarim Basin on his map, and not at
the western (Cp. Vol. I, Pl. L). Of this peak Stein says — from the Brinjak Pass:
Muztagh showed itself in full majesty, and beyond it to the south-east there now
appeared several distant snowy ridges previously invisible that guard the approach to the
main Yurung-kash source. How should we have fared between them if the passage above
Issik-bulak could have been negotiated? Further to the south the line of the horizon for
a distance of close on one hundred miles was crowned by an unbroken succession of snowy
peaks and glaciers.
And further on he says, p. 237: »Far beyond Muztagh we could see glittering
ranges in the direction of the main Yurung-kash source.»
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150
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161
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177
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214
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237
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263
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291
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315
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329
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342
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363
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375
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386
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407
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432
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444
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457
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467
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478
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488
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499
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510
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520
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530
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541
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552
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563
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567
568
569
570
571
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573
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583
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593
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605
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615
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625
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635
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646
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656
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666
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681
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693
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704
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714
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726
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737
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747
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758
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773
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788
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801
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813
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833
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848
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864
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876
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888
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National Institute of Informatics
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