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| 0724 |
Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
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was of course that the affluents in the upper part of the Tso-ngombo dwindled to
mere brooks; a consequence of the increasing desiccation.
In the same way the upper courses of the westerly flowing rivers which once
crossed the interior of Tibet were disturbed by the differential movements of the
ground in their valleys, interrupted and forced to feed self-contained lakes which in
time became salt. In some cases such lakes may have had outlets across rising
thresholds, but were finally completely isolated. In other cases parts of a river flowing
west may have been forced to flow eastwards.
On p. 500 I have mentioned some of the self-contained lakes on the depression
line between Selling-tso and Panggong-tso. In the following list I have entered
18 points on the same line, not all of them being lakes. The altitudes of 12 of
these points have been determined by me, 4 by Littledale, one by Deasy and one
by Nain Sing. The last mentioned Pamar-tso, has in the list 4350 m., as Nain Sing's
4191 m. are certainly too low. Turgu-tso is determined by Deasy, Tsemar und the
three next by Littledale.
Selling-tso . . . . . . . . 4611 m. Camp CXVIII. . . . . . 4454 m.
Chargut-tso . . . . . . . 4615 » Tsolla-ring-tso. . . . . . 4440 »
Addan-tso . . . . . . . . 4615 » Camp CXX . . . . . . . 4406 »
Dagtse-tso . . . . . . . . 4544 » Turgu-tso . . . . . . . . 4340 »
Tongka-tso . . . . . . . 4500 » Tsemar . . . . . . . . . 4636 »
Pamar-tso . . . . . . . . 4350 » Rawang . . . . . . . . . 4339 »
Oman-tso . . . . . . . . 4507 » Dojur-tso . . . . . . . . 4355 »
Lagoon (E. of Jim-tso) . 4458 » Roksum . . . . . . . . . 4371 »
Jim-tso . . . . . . . . . . 4495 » Panggong-tso . . . . . . 4317 »
All these points are situated on a line which is slightly bowed towards the
south, and parallel with the general stretching of the mountain ranges to the north
and south of it, and also with the Transhimalayan and Himalayan systems.
It is a striking feature of this list that the absolute altitudes of the depressions
as a rule become lower from east to west. Selling-tso is nearly 300 m. higher than
Panggong-tso, and the whole valley gradually slopes westward. The exceptions to
this rule may be regarded as the results of the differential movements of the crust.
The slope is extremely slow. If the distance from the mouth of Sachu-tsangpo in
Selling-tso to the eastern end of Tso-ngombo is 930 km., and the difference in
altitude 294 m., then the rate of fall will be only 1:3163. But adding the length
of Panggong-tso and of the Drugub river, the length of the valley will be 1108 km.,
the difference in altitude 737 m., and the rate of fall 1:1503. And adding the lowest
part of Sachu-tsangpo from the point where I crossed it in 1901, which is 150 km.
from the mouth of the river in Selling-tso, the distance becomes 1258 km., the
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541
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552
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563
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573
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583
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593
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605
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635
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656
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666
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681
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693
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704
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714
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721
723
724
725
726
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737
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747
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758
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773
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788
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801
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813
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833
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848
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864
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876
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888
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