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| 0604 |
Southern Tibet : vol.7 |
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mighty system of ice-rivers that once flowed down these valleys. There are visible
traces of ancient glaciation all the way up the north slopes of Mango to a height of
at least 3000 feet above the present level of the valley. The glacier that made them
must have been an affluent of that large ice-river which once drained all the high snow-
fields of the south side of the range of mountains we had been visiting, and, reaching
as far as Skardo, there deposited the famous hills of moraine by which all travellers are
astonished.
The first days of August he crossed the Punmah River, went up the Biafo
valley and camped at the snout of the Baltoro Glacier, 11,580 feet. The most ad-
vanced snout of this glacier was found to keep steady and there were no signs of
an advance. August 5th he went up the glacier. The Baltoro was narrower than
Biafo and Hispar. »In many respects it resembled the Hispar more than the Biafo.
Like the Hispar it is very stony, broken into vast mounds and pitted with many
lakes. It is therefore extremely troublesome to mount, for one cannot go up either
of its banks, but must traverse the wearisome surface.»
August 6th the Piale Glacier on the northern side was passed; there was the
route up to Younghusband's Mus-tagh Pass, while Godwin-Austen's Mus-tagh Pass
was further west over the same crest. At the junction with the Piale the height was
14,120 feet. To the south Masherbrum was visible, 25,676 feet high.
Conway had much rain the whole time, while in the higher regions snow was
falling. The snow feeds the glacier, but the rain destroys its tongue and the work
of both is the constant supplying of a river.
He followed the northern margin. The region opened out. Often small lakes
had formed between the hillside and the ice. There were signs that this glacier had
in recent years shrunk slightly. The whole glacier was stone-covered. The height
at Pool camp was 14,480 feet. »The great Baltoro Glacier is formed by the union
at the west foot of Gusherbrum, of three chief affluents. I named them Godwin-
Austen Glacier, Throne Glacier, and Vigne Glacier. The Godwin-Austen Glacier
descends from K 2. The Vigne Glacier comes in from the south, and is fed by the
snows of the Chogolisa peaks.» Between the two branches of the Throne Glacier
is the Golden Throne, 23,600 feet. At the western head of the Younghusband
Glacier is the Mustagh Tower.
August 11th, a new set of rocks was passed, »which give a fresh character
to the remainder of the ridge, separating the Baltoro and Godwin-Austen Glaciers.
They are granites and hard limestones, in colour light grey, buff, and white». He
passed a great fan of débris almost wholly composed of pure white limestone. At
Fan camp the height was 15,100 feet. Next day's march débris of gneiss, granite
and limestone was found.
The following days some fine peaks were seen, amongst them Gusherbrum
and K 2. He worked himself up from camp to camp and reached 20,000 feet at the
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583
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681
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693
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704
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747
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758
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773
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788
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801
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813
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833
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848
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864
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876
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888
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National Institute of Informatics
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The Toyo Bunko. All Rights Reserved.
