「東洋文庫所蔵」図像史料マルチメディアデータベース

 

PRELIMINARY ESSAY.   xlvii

We have, however; in this (6th) and the following century, from Greek writers, two remarkable notices of China, in the com-

parison of which we still may trace the duplicate aspect of this great country to which we have referred in the opening of this

Essay. For Cosmas, the first of these authors, recognises it chiefly on its southern or maritime side, the other, Theophylactus, solely on its land side, and without knowledge of any other. The

evidence of both goes to show that the name of Seres had been now practically almost, if not entirely, forgotten.

21. COSMAS, called from his maritime experiences Indicopleustes, apparently an Alexandrian Greek, who wrote between 530 and 550, is the first Greek or Roman writer who speaks of China in a matter-of-fact manner, and not as a land enveloped in half my-

thical haze. He speaks of it also by a name which I suppose no one has ever disputed to mean China.

This writer was a monk when he composed the work which has

come down to us, but in his earlier days he had been a merchant, and in that capacity had sailed on the Red Sea and the Indian

Ocean, visiting the coasts of Ethiopia, and apparently also the Persian Gulf and the western coasts of India, as well as Ceylon.' His book was written at Alexandria, and is termed a "Universal Christian Topography,"3 the great object of it being to show that the Tabernacle in the Wilderness is a pattern or model of the universe. The earth is a rectangular plane, twice as long as it is broad. The heavens come down to the earth on all four sides like the walls of a room ; from the north wall to the south wall, at an

Dates deduced by Montfaucon from different parts of his work show that parts of it were written in 535, and other parts at least twelve years later. The work bears tokens of having been often altered and expanded. Five books only were at first published ; six and a fraction more were added gradually to strengthen arguments and meet objections. (See preface in Montfaucon's Collectio Nova Patrum et Script. Green, ii, which contains the work ; extracts were also previously published in Thevenot's Collection of Travels).

2 Sir J. E. Tennent (Ceylon, i, 542) says that Cosmas got his accounts of Ceylon from Sopatrus whom he met at Adele, and Lassen ascribes all Cosmas says of India to the same authority 773). But I have not found the ground of these opinions. One anecdote is ascribed to Sopatrus, no more.

3 XptaTtav,R4) Torwypacpla vepato,Ki/ wavTds 70/3