Congres international géologique," and the section is reproduced by Mushketof (1899, I, 304). The ridge may be reached by going up-hill, southwest from Baku, past a church and cemetery on a gravel-covered bench that overlooks the city at a height of about 33o feet. A quarry on this bench shows the late Tertiary strata, with abundant shells. The view from the ridge over the Bibi-Eibat valley with its oil-wells and the Caspian beyond (fig. 18) is a repaying one. The spit is 25o feet wide at its proximal end, 20 or 25 feet thick, and 1,300 feet long ; it trends N. zo° W. (magnetic) for most of its length, but turns N. 7o° E. near its end. It descends gradually, so that the northern or free end is 5o feet lower than the southern or attached end. Its eastern or seaward side slopes about 5° ; its western or landward side slopes 18°. A number of pits that have been dug in its western
Fig.. I9.—A Cobble Spit on a ridge near Zuyk, seven miles northeast of Baku, looking north; fissured Aralo-Caspian Strata in the foreground.
side show that it is made in great part of small pebbles that seem to have been derived from the somewhat pebbly sandstone of the horseshoe ridge ; but it also contains rounded sandstone and conglomerate cobbles and bowlders up to 3 or 4 feet in diameter. The anomalous feature here is the absence of corresponding marks of shore action on the slopes of the higher ground to the southwest, where the hill-tops are nearly 30o feet higher than the ridge on which the spit is formed. Furthermore, on crossing the barren monoclinal valley of the Vassamala (which is followed by the railroad to Tiflis, a few miles west of Baku, fig. 15), to the anticlinal hills of petroleum-bearing strata, whose summits reach about i,000 feet altitude, we were unable to find any well-defined shore marks corresponding to the level of the long spit. The highest safe record here was a bed of cobbles at 200 feet altitude.
IIIFカラー高解像度
