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CHAP. xxxir. p. 174. PAONANO PAO YUE CHI.

41

highest place of permanent occupation on the direct route

leading from the Oxus to the Tarim Basin. Here was the last

point where caravans coming from the Bactrian side with the

products of the Far West and of India could provision them-

selves for crossing that high tract of wilderness ` called Pamier'

of which old Marco Polo rightly tells us : ' You ride across

it . . .' And as I looked south towards the snow-covered saddle

of the Baroghil, the route I had followed myself, it was equally

easy to realize why Kao Hsien-chih's strategy had, after the

successful crossing of the Pamirs, made the three columns of his

Chinese Army concentrate upon the stronghold of Lien-yün,

opposite the present Sarhad. Here was the base from which

Yasin could be invaded and the Tibetans ousted from their hold

upon the straight route to the Indus."

,t

XXXII., p. 174.

" The ,note connecting Hivan Tsang's Kieh sha with Kashgar

is probably based upon an error of the old translators, for the

Sita River was in the Pamir region, and K'a sha was one of the

names of Kasanna, or Kieh-shwang-na, in the Oxus region."

(E. H. PARKER, Asiatic Quart. Rev., Jan., 1904, p. 143.)

d. Morg., II., 1888, pp. 237-244•)

YUE CHI.

110

too

" The old statement is repeated that the Yüeh Chi, or Indo-

Scyths (i.e. the Eptals), " are said to have been of Tibetan

origin." A long account of this people was given in the Asiatic

Quart. Rev. for July, 1902. It seems much more likely that

they were a branch of the Hiung-nu or Turks. Albiruni's

report " that they were of Tibetan origin is probably founded

on the Chinese statement that some of their ways were like

Tibetan ways, and that polyandry existed amongst them ; also

that they fled from the Hiung-nu westwards along the north

XXXII., I. p. 173 ; II. p. 593.

PAONANO PAO.

Cf. The Name Kushan, by J. F. Fleet, Jour. Roy. As. Soc.,

` .   Aril I I   The Shaonano Shao Coin Legend end • and

April, 9 4~ pp• 3 74-9 ; ~   g

a Note on the name .Kushan by J. Allan, Ibid., pp. 403-411

''f   PAONANO PAO. Von Joh. Kirste. ( Wiener Zeit. f. d. Kunde

XXXII., p. 174.