Returning to the west we find that Ritter has a quite correct feeling of the
existence of several parallel Kara-korum Ranges. In this respect lais conception of the great orographical laws prevailing in these regions is even more correct than that of KLAPROTH four years later (PI. XXVII). Ritter's principal Kara-korum Range, the one farthest south and accompanying the Upper Indus, carries the name Gebirg Karakorum the whole way down to Ghang-tis-ri. Here Ritter had a deeper
understanding of the Kara-korum , as an orographical system , than the geographers who in 1909 called the part of the system that is crossed by the Leh-Yarkand road, the Eastern Kara-korum instead of the Western. The name, Padischa Gebirg, which is a mistake as shown above, is also entered on the map.
The most interesting fact is, however, that Ritter's Kara-korum may be said to continue all the way to Amdo and the upper course of the Yangtse-kiang. It would, however, be more correct to say that it joins the »Kailas Gebirg» as the part of it which he calls Ghang-tis-ri and which is only a Tibetan form of Kailas. After this junction the range turns straight east, north of the Tsangpo, and is called »Tibetisches Gebirg», and, farther east, Gang- dis - ri. South of Tengri - nor it is called Nian-tsin-tang-la Gangri, and then Gatsian and then Samtangandza or Dzang Gebirg. Here is the Transhimalaya as it was believed to be 25 years before the fantastic construction of HODGSON (Vol. III, Pl. XV), and as it was built up from the scanty and unreliable oriental information existing. The map shows, at any rate, that Ritter suspected a certain intimate relationship between the Kara-korum System in the west and the Nien-chen-tang-la System, south of Tengri-nor, and here he penetrated the truth even more ingeniously than Klaproth and Humboldt.
Ritter has entered the great caravan road from Leh to Kargalik. His stations are: Sibu, Aschkam, Tschorak-dschangal, Tschung-ulang, Yartobi, Kotak-lak, drawn as an eastern tributary to the Shayok, Tsung-tasch, Chamden, Yaptsan, ein Haltplatz (a resting place), Karakorum, Karakorum P. (Pass) which is situated in the Küenlün Range, Sarag-ot, Tagtek, Aighar-saldi, Bagh-Hadschi-Mohamed, Yartuk, Kulan, Yagnidabahn, Misar, Tsakilak, Chelasten, and Ak-meschi. The Shayok River has its source on the southern side of the Kara-korum Pass, and the Yarkand River on the northern side. To the west of the Upper Yarkand River is the range Tsung-ling. In the vicinity of Tsung-tasch and Chamden, 1. e. Chong-tash and Kumdan, the road leaves to its left or in the west, the mighty range called Baltü-Glätscher, that is the High Kara-korum with the gigantic glaciers of Baltistan. This range has no southeastern continuation. N. E. of it follows a smaller range which comes in between the High Kara-korum and the Küenlün or Kwen-lun. The latter, with the Kara-korum Pass, really makes the impression of being a bulwark of Eastern Turkestan to the south, for the mountains north of it, in the direction of Yarkand, are comparatively insignificant.
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