国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

MINOR ANTIQUITIES FROM CULTURES II AND III, COPPER.   151

the same may be said of a knife-like fragment, N.K. 189, from terrace I, between + 23 and +25 feet.

The deeper layers, lying below the datum-plane of the North Kurgan, have also yielded copper. These are, however, unfortunately only fragments, and owing to complete oxidation the form is no longer determinable. Such finds were made in north diggings I and II, between — 8 and — 13 feet (N.K. 48 and 87).

FROM UPPER STRATA OF NORTH KURGAN, CULTURE II.

Pins.—Fragment N.K. 7 (fig. 244; plate 36, fig. 5), from the surface of terrace VII, has a head in the form or a double pyramid. Pieces of a pin without a head (N.K. 82) were found in the uppermost layers of the same terrace.

Neck-ring or torque.—It is probable that the three fragments (N.K. 4; fig. 245, plate 36, fig. 6), from terrace I, between +31 feet 5 inches and +40 feet, belong to a copper collar made of braided double-wire.

Weapons.—The only fragment of a copper weapon was found on the surface of terrace VII. It is a lance-point or a dagger-blade, very broad, and with a rhombic cross-section and a flat, long tang (N.K. 83; fig. 246; plate 36, fig. 1o).

Implements.—We have to thank Mr. R. W. Pumpelly for a well-preserved punch, square in cross-section (N.K. 248; fig. 247; plate 36, fig. 8). He found it at a height of + 34 feet in the undisturbed earth of the hill, while studying the walls of Komorof's trench.

A little copper rod with square cross-section (N.K. 93; fig. 248; plate 36, fig. 9), from terrace I, between +31 feet 5 inches and +4o feet, should probably be regarded rather as a punch than as a pin. The thickening at one end, which might indicate a pin, is probably only the result of oxidation. The four-edged shaft is, however, common to punches and chisels.

There remains doubtful the explanation of a four-edged little copper rod with rhombic cross-section (N.K. 4; fig. 249), from terrace I, between +31 feet 5 inches and +4o feet. This may have been for the same use as fig. 243 of the middle strata.

Indeterminable are certain formless lumps found in Komorof's trench in the loose earth (N.K. 2), from the uppermost layers of terrace I (N.K. 3) and from terrace la, between +28 and -1-30 feet (N.K. 34).

PROM MIDDLE AND LOWER STRATA OF SOUTH KURGAN, CULTURE III.

The objects of copper found in the South Kurgan are much more numerous and varied than those of the northern kurgan, but they fall into the same categories—ornaments, implements, weapons, and different indeterminable objects.

Copper ornaments.—Of the pins, one with a cap-like head, found in terrace C between +19 feet 5 inches and + 21 feet 2 inches (S.K. 249; fig. 25o) connects itself with the types of the North Kurgan (cf. fig. 240). A new type is shown in S.K. 281, 354 (figs. 251 and 252; plate 37, fig. 3). Both were found in terrace B—the better preserved one between +19 and + 21 feet, the other under the pithos d; consequently both were in the débris deposits of the period A, to which the large buildings belong. The round shaft of this pin splits above into two ribbon-like outward-rolled spirals. Another fragment worthy of notice has broad