国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

184   THE ARCHEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS IN ANALI.

200 arrow-points of different kinds. I was able to observe numerous examples.

of the three-edged forms in the museums of Kertch and Odessa. They all came from the old Panticapæum and from Olbia. I saw them also in the Ermitage

at St. Petersburg among the finds from the kurgans of Nicopol and Alexandropol.

The compilation of the types from the Crimea is given in S. Reinach, Antiquités du Bosphore Cimmerean (plate xxvii, figs. 11-19). In the atlas accompanying the

papers of the First Archeological Congress in Moscow (1871, plate xv, figs. 1-45),

are represented those from the older finds of Alexandropol, Kertch, and Olbia. Especially important are the well-observed finds from the contemporary Scythian

graves in the museum of Kieff. The types occurring here are represented synop-

tically in the Khanenko collection (Antiquités de la région du Dniépre, Ii, plate VI). The collection of Count Bobrinskoi contains also finds from the region of Smjela.

(Compare his publication (Russian) on kurgans and occasional archeological finds in the neighborhood of the village of Smjela, plate iv, figs. 5, 7; VI, figs. 4, 5, Io, 14, 15, 2o).

Further east we find, in the district of Kuban, in the steppe lying north of the Caucasus, the kurgan of Karagodeuachkh, with brilliant burial gifts of the fourth century B. c. (Matériaux pour l'archéologie russe, xiii, plate viii, figs.

5 to 8). These appear also in the Caucasus. Examples from Tsthetschma are published by R. Virchow (Das Graeberfeld von Koban, pp. 88 ff., figs. 32, 33, 34).

Count Zichy also collected them in the valleys of Baksan and Tschegem (Voyages

au Caucase, II, plate x1I, figs. 6—io. Text by B. Posta). As far as I know they have not been observed here in graves. In the older iron stage the two-winged

type were here still in use and also in the necropolis of Samthawro near Tiflis (E. Chantre, Rech. anthropol. dans le Caucase, ii, plate 47, figs. 4 to 7). The three-edged types appear here to be younger than the hitherto known Caucasian necropoli of the post-Mycenean epoch.

These types may have come to Transcaspia from the South Russian point of origin, along the same route by which they finally advanced to Siberia, some-

where northward around the Caspian Sea. In any event, they were known earlier in Central Asia. I found in the historical museum at Moscow a collection with representatives of both the types above named, labeled " from Caspia and Transcaspia."

They have been collected also in the neighborhood of Bokhara. The Indian division of the Royal Museum für Völkerkunde in Berlin possesses all sorts of

surface finds from that region, including small objects of the most varied form and significance from different epochs, and among them different types of arrow-points of bronze and iron, showing representatives of both of the above-named principal types of the three-edged arrow-head. They may have come into that frontier region of the classic world with the Greek culture in the Hellenistic period. There is thus a third possible way in which the three-edged arrow-points may have come to Turkestan. They are known also from Persia (cf. Polak, Mitteilungen der Wiener anthropologischen Gesellschaft, xiv, 1884; Sitzungsberichte, p. 28, figs. 23-25). They are said to have been abundantly found on the champaign